国家现代农业示范区新型农业经营主体培育问题研究——以上海市浦东新区为例

十九大报告中首次提出“乡村振兴”战略,其中实现乡村振兴的一个关键点是培育新型农业经营主体。浦东新区作为国家首批现代农业示范区以及国家农产品质量安全县,在国内率先培育发展家庭农场、农民合作社,取得了明显成效,对全国农业的发展发挥了良好的示范作用。以上海市浦东新区为例,对全国其他同类地区具有较强的借鉴意义。对上海市浦东新区25个镇相关人员进行问卷调查和电话访谈,同时阅读相关文件和文献,分析上海市浦东新区新型农业经营主体发展特点、存在问题。结果显示,上海市浦东新区经营主体发展具有数量增长快、品牌化速度快以及发展模式多样化等特点,但在农业经营主体科技人才、农业生态补贴、农业信贷保险以及农业设施用地等方面还存在问题。因此,要引进农业科技人才,建立人才队伍;加大对农业生态补贴,科学合理施肥;大力推进农业保险,实现农业信贷多元化;破除农业用地限制,充分发挥土地利用价值。

Cultivating New Agricultural Management Entities: A Case of Shanghai Pudong New Area

The ‘Rural Revitalization’ strategy was first proposed in the report of the 19 ^th CPC National Congress. One of the key points for rural revitalization is to cultivate new agricultural management entities. As the first batch of modern agricultural demonstration zones and national agricultural product quality and safety counties, Shanghai Pudong New Area has taken the lead in cultivating and developing family farms and farmers’ cooperatives in China, and has achieved remarkable results and played a good demonstration role in the development of national agriculture. Taking Pudong New Area as an example, we studied its demonstration reference for other similar regions in the country. Questionnaires and telephone interviews were conducted with relevant personnel from 25 towns in the area. At the same time, relevant documents and researches were read to analyze the development characteristics and existing problems of the new agricultural management entities. The results show that the development of Shanghai Pudong New Area has the characteristics of rapid growth, rapid branding and diversified development models. However, there are still problems in the scientific and technological personnel of agricultural management, agricultural ecological subsidies, agricultural credit insurance, and agricultural facilities. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce agricultural science and technology talents to establish a talent team; increase subsidies for agro-ecology, scientific and rational fertilization; vigorously promote agricultural insurance, diversify agricultural credit; break agricultural land restrictions and give full play to land use value.