基于USLE模型的滹沱河上游黄土区土壤侵蚀空间特征研究

滹沱河是山西省面积较大的支流之一,研究滹沱河上游的土壤侵蚀对于建立山西省生态修复体系具有重要意义。以忻州市滹沱河上游为研究区,以遥感影像数据、数字高程模型数据、降雨数据、土壤类型数据为基础,利用GIS、RS技术,结合美国通用水土流失方程(USLE)估算滹沱河上游流域的土壤侵蚀模数。结果表明：（1）2015年滹沱河上游的土壤平均侵蚀模数为2538.9 t/(km ²·a),整体属于中等侵蚀水平。土壤侵蚀类型主要为微度侵蚀、极强烈和剧烈侵蚀;（2）随着高程海拔的升高,土壤侵蚀强度加大,土壤侵蚀面积减少,高程与土壤侵蚀强度呈正相关关系,与侵蚀面积呈负相关关系。剧烈侵蚀在各个高程带均有分布,在500,1000)高程带中,微度侵蚀的面积范围最大;（3）研究区在0—5°带的土壤侵蚀面积分布最大;（4）牧草地的土壤侵蚀分布范围最广,其次分别为耕地>林地>园地>城镇村及工矿用地>水域及水利设施用地>其他土地。研究结论可为政府制定土壤侵蚀治理的技术方法、治理方案以及治理工程类型、规模及布局等提出科学依据。

Soil Erosion in Loess Area of the Upstream of the Hutuo River: Spatial Characteristics Based on USLE Model

The Hutuo River is one of the large tributaries of the Haihe River in Shanxi. Studying the soil erosion in the upstream of the Hutuo River is of great significance for establishing the ecological restoration system of Shanxi. Taking the upstream of the Hutuo River in Xinzhou as the study area, based on the remote sensing image data, data elevation model data, rainfall data and soil type data, we estimated the soil erosion modulus of the upstream of the Hutuo River combined with GIS, RS, the US Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). The results showed that: (1) in 2015, the average soil erosion modulus of the upstream of the Hutuo River was 2538.9 t/(km2·a), which was moderately erosive; the soil erosion types were mainly micro-erosion, extremely strong and severe erosion; (2) as the elevation rose, the higher the soil erosion intensity, the less the soil erosion area was, the elevation was positively correlated with the soil erosion intensity, and negatively correlated with the erosion area; severe erosion distributed in each elevation zone; the slightly erosion area was the largest in the 500,1000) elevation zone; (3) the soil erosion area of the study area was the largest in the 0- 5° zone; (4) the soil erosion distribution of pasture and grassland was the widest, followed by cultivated land> forest land>garden land>urban village and industrial and mining land>water area and water conservancy facilities land>other land. The conclusion can provide a scientific basis for the government to adopt suitable soil erosion treatment technical methods, formulate treatment layout and scheme, and determine treatment types and scale.