施入生活垃圾堆肥对玉米品质、产量及土壤理化性质的影响

为了评估短期内施入生活垃圾堆肥对作物产量品质及土壤理化性质的影响,以玉米为供试作物,施用化学肥料为对照,通过施用不同量的生活垃圾堆肥和化肥配合,研究施入垃圾堆肥对土壤和玉米籽粒重金属累积的影响。结果表明：土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾随施肥量的增加而增加,土壤肥力明显提高;而Cd、Pb、As、Hg含量随垃圾堆肥用量的增加而增加,Cr含量基本不变;玉米籽粒中Cr、Cd含量随垃圾堆肥用量的增加而增加。各处理土壤5种重金属（Hg、Cd、Cr、As、Pb）含量均未超出＂GB15618—1995（《土壤环境质量标准》）＂的二级标准。玉米籽粒中Hg、Cd、Cr、As、Pb含量未超出国家食品卫生标准的标准值。当施肥量为30000 kg/hm2时,玉米产量较对照有明显增加（P〈0.05）。由此推断,适量垃圾堆肥农用短期内能提高土壤肥力,并且不会引起土壤重金属污染,也不影响玉米籽粒的食用。

Influence of Living Garbage Compost Applied on Yield and Quality of Corn, and Physical-Chemical Character in Soil

Influence of living garbage compost applied on yield and quality of corn, and physical-chemical character in soil was evaluated. A field experiment was conducted to study the heavy metals accumulation in soil and corn supplied with different rates of living garbage compost and chemical fertilizer. Results showed that the content of Cd, Pb, As, Hg in soil were increased responding to living garbage compost proportion. Cr content was basically unchanged. The same tendency with Cr, Cd in maize grain. The content of Hg, Cd, Cr, As and Pb were not exceed the second class of the standard of soil environmental quality. Hg, Cd, Pb, As, and Cr in Maize grain was not exceeding the national food and healthy standard value. While, yield of maize grain was obviously increased the amount of 30000 kg/hm2 level of living garbage compost. Proper amount of living garbage compost fertilizer will not caused pollution in soil, or bring effects in edible part of maize grain, either.