长白山东坡落叶松林下笃斯越桔群落的生境特征

为深入了解长白山笃斯越桔群落的生态习性，对长白山东坡笃斯越桔群落的生长环境进行了调查研究。结果表明：长白山东坡于海拔1317 m处首次开始出现笃斯越桔群落，其立木环境是杂木林，林地叶面积指数约1.7，样地的立木径级分布大多都在＜10 cm之内，最大径级出现在24~26 cm内。高度级分布大多出现在2~12 m，最大高度出现在16~18 m。落叶松-笃斯越桔群落样地立木主要为落叶松，偶有白桦，样地叶面积指数在0.85~2.04之间，10~12 cm径级树木最多，14~16 cm径级树次之。14~16 m高度级树分布最多，其次是6~8 m树。笃斯越桔数量与叶面积指数呈反比率关系，适宜具有一定光照的环境。长白山东坡落叶松林下笃斯越桔的生长基质是以苔藓和凋落物为主的土壤基质，基质垂直结构自上而下依次分为4层，即活苔藓层、死苔藓层、泥炭层和火山灰层。死苔藓层平均厚度6.0 cm，笃斯越桔根系的分布最多。落叶松林下笃斯越桔群落中，笃斯越桔的平均基径在(2.61±1.40)~(4.57±1.49) mm之间，笃斯越桔均高在(33.36±10.16)~(59.50±13.54) cm之间，笃斯越桔是群落优势种。

The Habitat Characteristics of Vaccinium uliginosum Communities Under the Larch Forests in Changbai Mountain

Abstract: In order to deeply understand the ecological habit of Vaccinium uliginosum communities in Changbai Mountain, the growth environment was investigated. The results showed that: Vaccinium uliginosum community firstly appeared at altitude 1317 m in Changbai Mountain. Its growth environment was weed forest, and the leaf area index was about 1.7, the distribution of DBH classes were mostly under 10 cm and the biggest DBH class was from 24 cm to 26 cm, the distribution of the height class was from 2 m to 12 m and the maximum height was from 16 m to 18 m. The trees of larch forest-Vaccinium uliginosum communities were mainly larches, sometimes were white birches, the leaf area index was from 0.85 to 2.04, the number of DBH class from 10 cm to 12 cm was the most, from 14 cm to 16 cm was less than it. The distribution of the height class were most from 14 m to 16 m, from 6 m to 8 m was less. The relationship between the number of Vaccinium uliginosum and leaf area index was opposite, suitable for light environment. The growth substrate of Vaccinium uliginosum communities under the larch forests in Changbai Mountain was mainly about moss and litter. The substrate was divided into four tires, from the top towards bottom, of live moss layer, dead moss layer, peat layer and pozzolanic layer. The average thickness of dead moss layer was 6.0 cm. The distribution of root system of Vaccinium uliginosum was the most. Under larch forest-Vaccinium uliginosum communities, the average basal diameter was from (2.61±1.40) mm to (4.57±1.49) mm. The average height was from (33.36±10.16) cm to (59.50±13.54) cm. The Vaccinium uliginosum was dominant species among communities.