4个不同核桃品种物候观察及品质分析

为了给核桃优良性状选种提供理论依据，于2012年对‘西林3号’、‘香玲’、‘西扶1号’和‘契可’的物候期进行观察，并于9月采集果实后对这4个品种的单果重、坚果横径、坚果纵径、缝合线径、硬壳厚度和仁重进行变异系数、相关性和主成分分析。结果表明：只有‘契可’是雌先型核桃品种，‘西林3号’、‘香玲’、‘西扶1号’都为雄先型。通过对经济性状综合指标研究发现，‘香玲’品种的经济性状较其他3个品种更适合推广销售。以性状的累积方差贡献率达到80.971%确定了3个反映核桃主要经济性状的主成分，并通过计算品系的重要主成分值，对供试品系进行比较，进而选择综合经济性状优良的品系，其结果与品系的实际表现型相近似。表明，用主成分分析法对核桃主要经济性状综合评选较科学、简便。

Observation on Phenophase and Quality Analysis of 4 Different Walnut Cultivars

In order to provide a theoretical basis for selecting fine varieties of walnut, phonological period of Xilin No.3, Xiangling, Xifu No.1, and Chico were observed in 2012, meanwhile the main economic characters were determined by principal component and correlation analysis, which included nut width, nut length, suture width, average nut weight, nut shell thickness, per kernel weight. The results showed that: apart from Chico was protogynous, the other 3 cultivars were protandrous. Xiangling was superb among 4 cultivars. According to more than 80.971% of the cumulative variance proportion, the results proposed three principal components and its function equations which reflected the main economic characters of walnut. The key principal component values of various varieties were calculated, it would be applied to select fine varieties, the results were similar to practical phenotype. The method of principal component analysis was more scientific and simple while evaluating main economic characters of walnut comprehensively.