不同苹果产区壁蜂授粉生物学特性及授粉效应研究

为了解决苹果座果率低、品质不高的问题，以不同苹果产区的苹果树为试验材料，采用田间试验的方法对不同苹果产区壁蜂授粉生物学特性及授粉效应进行了研究。结果表明：壁蜂始飞温度低（10-11℃），日工作时间长（10h），日访花数量多（4200朵），授粉能力强，访花一次授粉率高达40%。壁蜂授粉的有效距离为60m；壁蜂授粉有方位选择性，西边和南边向阳果树座果率明显大于北边和东边；壁蜂授粉的果个、单果重比对照都有所增加，壁蜂授粉增加了果园产量，平均增产7012.5 kg/ hm2，同时，壁蜂授粉能够提高果品品质，增加苹果的商品价值，壁蜂授粉处理园的果实品质各指标均大于对照园。投放巢管口颜色以红色营巢回收比例最高，营巢比例苇管最高，其次是纸管，最后是塑料管。

Research on Osmia biology and the result of pollination of apple by Osmia beesin the different apple production area

To increase the fruit setting rate and improve the quality of apple fruit, the different apple production area apple trees were studied by using the field experiment. The results showed that Osmia bees began to fly in a low temperature （10-11℃） and had long working hours a day （10 h）. The mount of visiting flowers was high （4200） and pollination ability was high （a single pollination rate was 40%）. The efficient pollination distance was 60 m. The fruit setting rates of apple trees in the west and south were higher than that of apple trees in the east and north in the Osmia pollination orchards. The apples yield and qualities had been improved obviously, comparing with the natural pollination orchards. The Osmia bees liked to neat in the red tube, the nest ratio of bulrush and paper were higher than that of plastic tube, the nest ratio of bulrush was higher than that of paper tube.