稻秸还田下耕作与播种方式对小麦出苗及产量的影响

为了研究稻秸还田下耕作与播种方式对小麦出苗及产量的影响,通过大区试验,分析了稻秸全量还田下不同耕作与播种方式对小麦出苗率、出苗均匀性及产量性状的影响。结果显示,相同的播种方式下,浅耕处理小麦出苗率高于免耕处理,但出苗均匀性差于后者;相同的耕作方式下,播种方式对小麦出苗率和出苗均匀性的影响差异较大,其中,机械匀播方式下小麦出苗率最高,出苗均匀性最好;小麦出苗率和出苗均匀性通过影响穗数、穗粒数、千粒重而影响籽粒产量,同一耕作方式下机械匀播小麦籽粒产量均高于其余2种播种方式,免耕和浅耕下机械匀播小麦产量分别达6484.35 kg/hm~2和6476.20 kg/hm~2。因此,稻秸全量还田条件下,建议采用免耕机械匀播方式,能有效改善小麦田间出苗情况,进而获得较高的籽粒产量。

Effects of Tillage and Seeding Patterns on Wheat Seedling Emergence and Yield with Rice Straw Return

To study the effects of tillage and sowing patterns on wheat seedling emergence and yield with rice straw returning, a field experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of different tillage and sowing patterns on seedling emergence rate, emergence uniformity and yield traits of wheat with all rice straw returning. The results were as follows: under the same sowing pattern, wheat seedling emergence rate with shallow tillage was higher than that with no tillage, while seedling emergence uniformity was just the opposite. Effects of sowing patterns on wheat seedling emergence rate and emergence uniformity were greatly different under the same tillage method, the seedling emergence rate with mechanical uniform planting was the highest and the emergence uniformity was the best. Wheat seedling emergence rate and emergence uniformity affected grain yield by affecting panicle, grains per spike and 1000-grain weight. Wheat grain yield with mechanical uniform planting, which was 6484.35 kg/hm2 and 6476.20 kg/hm2 in no tillage and shallow tillage treatment separately, was higher than those of the other two sowing patterns under the same tillage method. Therefore, no tillage and mechanical uniform planting pattern is recommended for better seedling emergence state to increase grain yield with all rice straw returning.