稻秸还田与播种方式影响小麦出苗及产量的大田试验研究

为了研究水稻秸秆还田与播种方式对小麦出苗及籽粒产量的影响,通过田间大区试验,分析了稻秸机械全量还田与不同播种方式对小麦出苗率、出苗均匀性及产量性状的影响。结果显示,稻秸不还田条件下,机械条播的出苗率显著低于机械匀播和人工撒播,机械条播、机械匀播和人工撒播的出苗率分别为51.84%、90.89%和88.87%;人工撒播的出苗均匀性差于机械条播和机械匀播,3种播种方式的出苗变异系数分别为0.49、0.26和0.23。稻秸机械全量还田条件下,不同播种方式处理的出苗率和出苗均匀性都有所降低,其中机械条播的下降幅度较大,出苗率降低了36.54%。小麦出苗率和出苗均匀性通过影响穗数、穗粒数、千粒重而影响籽粒产量,无论稻秸是否还田,机械匀播的产量均高于其余两种播种方式,稻秸不还田和全量还田条件下的产量分别为6091.34 kg/hm2和6476.20 kg/hm2。因此,在稻秸还田小麦生产中,推荐采用机械匀播的播种方式,不仅能提高小麦的田间出苗率,而且能保持较好的出苗均匀性,有利于获得较高的籽粒产量。

Rice Straw Returning and Seeding Patterns: Effects on Wheat Seedling Emergence and Grain Yield in Field Experiment

To study the effect of rice straw returning and seeding patterns on wheat seedling emergence and grain yield, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of all rice straw mechanized returning and different seeding patterns on wheat emergence rate, emergence uniformity and yield traits. The results were as follows: in rice straw removal treatments, the emergence rate of mechanical seeding in drill was significantly lower than that of mechanical uniform planting and manual broadcast sowing, the emergence rate of mechanical seeding in drill, mechanical uniform planting and manual broadcast sowing was 51.84%, 90.89% and 88.87%, separately; the emergence uniformity of manual broadcast sowing was inferior to that of mechanical seeding in drill and mechanical uniform planting, the emergency variable coefficient of the three seeding patterns was 0.49, 0.26 and 0.23, separately. With rice straw returning to the field, the emergence rate and emergence uniformity decreased in the three seeding patterns, of which mechanical seeding in drill dropped markedly with emergence rate down 36.54%. The emergence rate and emergence uniformity affected grain yield by affecting panicle, grains per spike and 1000-grain weight. The grain yield was 6091.34 and 6476.20 kg/hm2 when all rice straw was removed or not, higher than the other two seeding patterns. Therefore, in wheat production with rice straw returning to field, mechanical uniform planting is recommended for higher emergence rate, better emergence uniformity to increase grain yield.