水稻不同基因型品种养分吸收特性

为选出适合南方稻区种植的高产、高效水稻品种,采用大田试验,以南方稻区8种水稻类别的56个水稻品种为材料,研究在相同施肥条件下不同基因型水稻品种生育过程中氮、磷、钾吸收特性,及其产量的差异。结果表明:水稻干物质和磷、钾的累积主要集中在分蘖盛期—齐穗期阶段,氮素累积集中在苗期—分蘖盛期、分蘖盛期—齐穗期这2个阶段;两系晚熟的稻谷、稻草产量和氮、磷累积总量最高,两系早熟的钾累积总量最高,分别比最低的常规早熟增加101.2%、40.9%、85.0%、48.1%、47.5%。随着生育期延长,同一系列水稻的稻谷产量和氮素累积量呈逐渐增加的趋势。稻谷产量和各个生育阶段的氮、磷、钾累积量的相关性以分蘖盛期—齐穗期最强。两系早熟的养分利用效率最低,每生产100 kg稻谷需要N、P2O5、K2O分别为2.15、0.53、3.61 kg,三系中熟的氮、磷养分利用效率最高,钾以三系晚熟最高。综上所述,适合在南方稻区种植的高产、高效品种为两系晚熟和三系中熟,同时在水稻生育过程中保证分蘖盛期—齐穗期的养分供应,就能提高水稻产量。

Nutrient Absorption Characteristics of Different Rice Genotype Varieties

The study aims to select high-yield and high efficiency rice varieties that suit to be planted in Southern China. A field experiment was conducted with 56 rice genotypes of 8 rice categories under the same fertilizer application in south China rice production regions. N, P, K absorption characteristics of different rice varieties in growth process and yield differences were analyzed. The results showed that: the accumulation of rice dry matter and P, K mainly concentrated in the period of tillering - full heading, N accumulation concentrated in the two periods of seedling-tillering and tillering-full heading. The grain yield, straw yield, total N, P accumulation of two-line late-maturing rice type and the total K accumulation of two-line earlymaturing rice type were the highest, increased by 101.2%, 40.9%, 85.0%, 48.1%, 47.5% compared with conventional early-maturing rice, which was the lowest. The grain yield and N accumulation of the same series of rice increased with the extension of the growth duration. In the period of tillering-full heading, the rice yield had the highest correlation with each period of the total N, P, K accumulation. The nutrient use efficiency of two-line early-maturing rice type was the lowest, for producing every 100 kg rice with N of 2.15 kg, P2O5 of 0.53 kg and K2O of 3.61 kg. The N, P nutrient use efficiency of three-line medium-maturing rice type was the highest, and the highest K nutrient use efficiency was three-line late-maturing rice type. In conclusion, the high-yield and high efficiency rice varieties that suit to be planted in southern China was two-line latematuring rice type and three-line medium-maturing rice type, and nutrient supply at tillering -full heading stage during the rice growing period could improve rice yield.