陆地棉株型性状对皮棉产量的遗传贡献分析

为阐明陆地棉主要株型性状对皮棉产量的贡献，采用加性-显性及与环境互作的遗传模型，利用估算条件方差分量和预测条件遗传效应值的统计方法对9个陆地棉品种（系）及其F1代20个组合皮棉产量和9个株型性状的2年资料进行了贡献分析。结果表明，9个株型性状对皮棉产量的表型贡献率分布在0.1%~11.1%之间。主茎节距、始果枝高、果节数对皮棉产量具有显著或极显著的加性遗传贡献率，分别为29.8%、6.2%和5.7%，果枝夹角对皮棉产量的加性遗传方差具有较大的抑制作用（-39.9%）；果节数对皮棉产量的显性遗传方差贡献率最高（57.8%）；主茎节距对皮棉产量有极显著的加性×环境互作遗传方差贡献率（17.7%），其它株型性状对皮棉产量的加性×环境互作遗传方差、显性×环境互作遗传方差的贡献率较小或不显著。亲本2和4的果节数、亲本3、5和6的始果枝高、亲本7的主茎节距对其皮棉产量有最大的加性贡献，表明对皮棉产量加性效应贡献最大的株型性状因不同亲本而异。多数杂交组合皮棉产量的显性效应主要受果节数的影响，因此，果节数可作为间接选择皮棉产量显性效应的指标。

Analysis on Genetic Contribution of Plant Type Traits to Lint Yield in Upland Cotton(Gossypum hirsutum L.)

An insight into ideotype of cotton is essential for improvement of lint yield and fiber quality.The objective of this study was to elucidate the genetic contributions of plant type characters to lint yield and find indicator characters for indirect selection of lint yield.A 2-year study was conducted to evaluate nine plant type traits and lint yield for nine cultivar （or breeding lines） and resultant twenty F 1 crosses,which were grown at the agriculture experimental station of JXAU,Nanchang,in 2007 and 2008.The data was subject to multivariable conditional analysis based on a genetic model containing additive-dominance and their interaction with environments.The phenotypic contribution of nine plant type characters to lint yield ranged from 0.1% to 11.1%.Additive effects contribution to lint yield was positive and significant at 0.01 level for internodal length （IL）,and at 0.05 level for height of the first sympodial branch （HFSB） and number of fruiting sites per plant （NFS）,which were 29.8%,6.2% and 5.7%,respectively.Sympodial branch angle （SBA） had a high constrain effect on additive effects of lint yield （-39.9%）.The contribution of dominant variance of NFS to lint yield was larger than other plant type traits.There was a significant positive contribution of additive by environment interaction effects of IL on lint yield （17.7%）.Small or no significant contributions of dominant by environment interaction were detected for all plant type traits investigated.There were largest additive contribution to lint yield of these parents from NFS of parents 2 and 4,HFSB of parents of 3,5 and 6,IL of parent 7.Indicating no identical trait of diverse parents was showing the largest contribution to additive effect of lint yield.NFS had the highest contribution to dominance effects of lint yield for most F1 crossed,and could be used for selecting the crosses with high lint yield.