施肥方式对沃柑果实产量和外观品质的影响

为验证沃柑测土配方施肥的效果,推进化肥减量增效,探究有机肥、中微量元素肥料与化肥配施对沃柑果实产量和外观品质的效应,在沃柑园设置随机区组小区精确试验,试验处理包括当地习惯施肥、测土配方推荐施肥、优化施肥、优化施肥兼叶面喷施0.2%硼酸、优化施肥兼叶面喷施0.05%钼酸铵、优化施肥兼叶面喷施4%硫酸镁。结果表明,测土配方推荐施肥相较于习惯施肥增产效果显著。在同等养分施用量的情况下,用有机肥代替部分化肥处理与全化肥处理比较产量无显著差异,但前者比后者增效4.03%。在土壤交换性镁贫乏的情况下,沃柑叶面施镁可以获得极显著而稳定的增产效果。在土壤不缺硼的情况下,叶面施硼可能无效。在土壤有效钼不足时沃柑叶面施钼能够增产,但连年施用效果不稳定。由此可见,伴随果实外观品质的提升,化肥减量增效在沃柑生产上是可行的;沃柑施肥的增产潜力较大,如果配方和选材得当,可以发挥更大效益。

Effects of Fertilization Methods on Fruit Yield and Appearance Quality of Citrus ‘Orah’

To verify the effect of soil testing and formula fertilization, promote the reduction and efficiency of chemical fertilizer, and explore the effect of organic fertilizer, medium and trace element fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer on the fruit production and the appearance quality of Citrus ‘Orah’, a precision experiment of random block plot was set up. The experimental treatments included local conventional fertilization, recommended fertilization for soil test formula, optimized fertilization, optimized fertilization and foliar spraying with 0.2% boric acid, optimized fertilization and foliar spraying with 0.05% ammonium molybdate, optimized fertilization and foliar spraying with 4% magnesium sulfate. The results showed that the recommended fertilization of soil testing formula was more effective than that of conventional fertilization. There was no significant difference in yield between the treatment of organic fertilizer instead of partial chemical fertilizer and the treatment of total chemical fertilizer under the same nutrient application, but the fertilizer efficiency of the former was increased by 4.03% compared with that of the latter. Under the lacking of soil exchangeable magnesium, the magnesium application on the leaf of Citrus ‘Orah’ could obtain a significant and stable increase effect on the yield. Without lacking of soil boron, the application of boron on leaf might be ineffective. When the available molybdenum in the soil was insufficient, the foliar application of molybdenum could increase the yield of Citrus ‘Orah’, but the effect of continuous application was not stable. It can be seen that with the improvement of fruit appearance quality, it is feasible to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer and increase the efficiency in the production of Citrus ‘Orah’; the yield increase potential under fertilization is large, and appropriate fertilization formula can bring more benefits.