温度对陇东地区红富士苹果品质的影响及品质区划

为了探讨温度对陇东地区红富士苹果品质的影响,并进行苹果品质区划,对2016—2017年庆阳市19个乡镇的红富士苹果园成熟期取样,测定苹果的含糖量和硬度,采用农业气象统计方法将含糖量和硬度与温度进行回归分析。结果表明：对含糖量贡献呈现正效应的主要因子是9月中旬以后的平均最高气温、平均最低气温和平均气温;增幅较大的是10月上旬和中旬的平均气温,每升高1℃含糖量增加0.265%~0.304%。对硬度贡献呈现正效应的主要因子是9月各旬的最高气温、8月各旬的最低气温、7月下旬至8月中旬和10月中旬的日较差;增幅较大的是10月中旬日较差,每升高1℃硬度增加0.258 kg/cm ²。苹果含糖量与9月下旬至10月上旬平均气温呈现2次曲线,硬度与7—9月平均日较差呈现3次曲线。苹果含糖量低于10.5%,硬度小于6.43 kg/cm ²的为品质较差区;含糖量高于13.6%,硬度大于6.72 kg/cm ²为品质较优区;含糖量在11.2%~13.0%,硬度大于6.44 kg/cm ²为品质适中区;董志塬区的红富士苹果品质最优。

Temperature Affects the Quality and Quality Regionalization of Red Fuji Apple in East Gansu

To investigate the effect of temperature on the quality of red Fuji apples in east Gansu, and carry out apple quality regionalization, the maturity of red Fuji apple in 19 townships of Qingyang City from 2016 to 2017 was sampled, the sugar content and hardness were determined, and the aero-meteorological statistical method was used to analyze the sugar content, hardness with temperature. The results showed that the main factors that had positive contribution effects on sugar content were the average maximum temperature, average minimum temperature and average temperature after mid-September, the increasing effect of the average temperature in the early and middle October on sugar content was obvious, and the sugar content increased 0.265%-0.304% by each 1℃ increase. The main factors that had a positive contribution effect on hardness were the highest temperature in September, the lowest temperature in August, and the diurnal range from late July to mid-August and mid-October. Diurnal range in mid-October had greater effects on the hardness, the hardness increased 0.258 kg/cm ² with each 1℃ rising. The sugar content of apple showed a quadratic curve with the average temperature from late September to early October. The hardness and the average diurnal range from July to September showed a cubic curve. Apple with sugar content less than 10.5% and hardness less than 6.43 kg/cm ² belonged to poor quality zone. Apple with sugar content higher than 13.6% and hardness greater than 6.72 kg/cm ² belonged to superior quality zone. Apple with sugar content of 11.2%-13.0% and hardness greater than 6.44 kg/cm ² belonged to moderate quality zone. The quality of red Fuji apple is the best in Dongzhi tableland, central Qingyang.