甘蔗与蔗茅杂交亲本及后代材料的抗旱性鉴定

研究旨在筛选出优良抗旱育种材料,为今后甘蔗抗旱育种和抗旱栽培技术提供重要的理论依据。采用盆栽干旱处理,测定蔗茅野生种无性系、甘蔗栽培品种（系）及其杂交后代共12份材料苗期与抗旱相关的8项生理生化指标,利用极点排序法对供试材料的抗旱性进行了综合评价。结果表明：干旱胁迫下,12份供试材料的Pro、MDA、SS及PMP均呈上升趋势,SP、Chl和SOD活性呈下降趋势,CAT活性有升有降。极点排序法分析表明,12个供试材料的抗旱强弱为：‘蔗茅99-2’>‘蔗茅99-1’>‘蔗茅99-4’>‘蔗茅I91-8’>‘蔗茅99-3’>‘蔗茅90-29’>‘滇蔗01-58’>‘滇蔗04-14’>‘滇蔗02-39’>‘蔗茅II91-2’>‘新台糖10’>‘崖城89-9’,说明蔗茅优质抗旱性状可以通过基因渗透方式传递给后代。在苗期干旱胁迫下,‘蔗茅99-2’在渗透调节等方面表现出积极的生理响应。

Saccharum spp. × Erianthus fulvus and Their Hybrid Offspring: Identification of Drought Resistance

The purpose of this study is to screen out excellent drought-resistant breeding materials, and to provide a basis for drought-resistant breeding and drought-resistant cultivation techniques of sugarcane. A total of 12 materials of Saccharum spp × Erianthus fulvus and their hybrid offspring were treated with pot drought treatment at seedling stage. Eight physiological and biochemical indexes related to drought resistance were tested. The drought resistance of the tested materials was evaluated comprehensively by pole-sorting method. The results showed that the indexes of Pro, MDA, SS and PMP of the 12 tested materials had an upward trend, the indexes of SP, Chl and SOD had a downward trend, while the CAT activity increased or decreased under drought stress. The results of pole-sorting method analysis showed that the drought resistance of the 12 tested materials was as follows: ‘ZM99-2’> ‘ZM99-1’> ‘ZM99-4’> ‘ZMI91-8’> ‘ZM99-3’> ‘ZM90-29’> ‘DZ01-58’> ‘DZ04-14’>‘DZ02-39’>‘ZMII91-2’>‘ROC10’>‘YC89-9’. It indicated that the high quality drought resistance traits of Erianthus fulvus could be transmitted to offspring by gene penetration. ‘ZM99-2’ showed positive physiological response in osmotic adjustment and other aspects at seedling stage under drought stress.