不同灌水施氮方式对玉米叶片生理特性和产量的影响

为了研究不同灌水施氮方式对玉米叶片生理特性、产量及其构成的影响。以春玉米‘宜单629’为供试材料,监测不同灌水方式下玉米生育期内的叶面积指数(LAI)、生理特性指标和籽粒产量。结果表明,与均匀灌水均匀施氮(CICN)相比,交替灌水均匀施氮(AICN)和交替灌水交替施氮水氮协同供应(AIANS)显著提高玉米抽雄期及以后第7、14、21、28和35天的LAI和叶绿素含量及抽雄期、灌浆期和乳熟期叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、可溶性蛋白含量、玉米行数、行粒数、穗粒数、千粒质量和籽粒产量(P<0.05),但显著降低相应生育期叶片的MDA、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量(P<0.05)。可见,AICN和AIANS有利于提高玉米的LAI和抗氧化酶活性,改善活性氧产生与清除之间的关系,从而使玉米产量增加。

Irrigation and Nitrogen Supply Methods: Effect on Leaf Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Maize

The aim is to investigate the effect of different irrigation and nitrogen supply methods on leaf physiological characteristics, yield and yield components of maize. With spring maize ‘Yidan 22’ as material, leaf area index (LAI) and indexes of leaf physiological characteristics during the maize growing season and the yield under the different irrigation and nitrogen supply methods were measured. The results showed that, compared with the conventional irrigation coupled with conventional nitrogen supply method (CICN), alternate furrow irrigation coupled with conventional nitrogen (AICN) or alternate furrow irrigation coupled with alternate nitrogen supply in coordinating supply of water and nitrogen (AIANS) significantly increased LAI and chlorophyll content in ear leaf at the tasselling stage and on the 7^th, 14^th, 21^st, 28^th and 35^th day after tasselling, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities and soluble protein content at the tasselling, filling and milk stages, and rows per ear, kernels per row, kernels per ear, 1000-kernel weight and grain yield (P<0.05); but significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar and proline contents (P<0.05). Therefore, AICN and AIANS are useful to improve LAI, antioxidant enzyme activities and the relationship between production and clearance of reactive oxygen, leading to a high grain yield of maize.