不同玉米品种与大豆带状复种模式氮素吸收利用分析

为科学利用大豆的生物固氮作用,筛选玉米大豆带状复种模式下最佳组合,本试验以‘大丰26’(IC1)、‘大丰30’(IC2)、‘强盛51’(IC3)及‘强盛388’(IC4)为实验材料,采用单因素随机区组长期定位试验测得各玉米品种氮素利用及产量数据。结果表明：玉米大豆带状复种模式下玉米产量及地上部生物量均表现为IC2>IC3>IC4>IC1 (P<0.05)。相比IC1、IC3及IC4处理,IC2处理下年平均氮素积累量、氮素农学利用率、氮素生理利用率及氮素偏生产率分别显著增加了10.8%、11.0%、15.3%;17.3%、32.3%、26.2%;36.8%、34.9%、30.1%;18.8%、20.6%、12.5%,而IC2处理年平均氮素收获指数较IC4处理显著降低4.6个百分点(P<0.05);此外,氮素农学利用率、氮素生理利用率、氮素收获指数与产量呈极显著正相关(P<0.05)。综合表明,‘大丰30’与大豆带状复种能够显著提高作物产量及氮素利用率,可作为山西省最优组合推广。

Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization Under Strip Multiple Cropping Pattern of Different Maize Varieties and Soybean

This study aims to use the biological nitrogen fixation of soybean scientifically and to select the optimal combination under corn and soybean strip multiple cropping mode. ‘Dafeng 26’ (IC1), ‘Dafeng 30’ (IC2), ‘Qiangsheng 51’ (IC3) and ‘Qiangsheng 388’ (IC4) were used as materials, the single factor randomized block and long-term location experiment was used to determine the nitrogen utilization and yield of each maize variety. The results showed that under corn and soybean strip multiple cropping mode, the yield and aboveground biomass of maize was as following: IC2>IC3>IC4>IC1 (P<0.05). Compared with IC1, IC3 and IC4 treatments, IC2 treatment increased the average annual nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen agronomic utilization rate, nitrogen physiological utilization rate and nitrogen partial productivity significantly by 10.8%, 11.0%, 15.3%; 17.3%, 32.3%, 26.2%; 36.8%, 34.9%, 30.1%; 18.8%, 20.6%, 12.5%, respectively. The average annual nitrogen harvest index of IC2 treatment was significantly decreased by 4.6 percentage points compared with that of IC4 treatment (P<0.05). In addition, nitrogen agronomic utilization rate, nitrogen physiological utilization rate, nitrogen harvest index were significantly and positively correlated with yield (P<0.05). The comprehensive results showed that ‘Dafeng 30’ and soybean strip multiple cropping could significantly improve crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency, and they could be promoted as a better combination in Shanxi Province.