陕西百年农业科技发展研究

笔者回顾了陕西百年来不同时期农业科技发展的历史背景与社会环境,分析了陕西农业科技发展的动因与本质、范围与对象、社会需求等内在属性特征;总结了陕西农业科技发展的主要成效,即构建了农业科研技术服务体系、培育推广了技术良种方法、发展了农业产业、形成了农业科技发展的政策人才环境、改变了农业传统观念与生产方式;归纳凝练出陕西农业科技发展的经验启示,即农业科技发展是解决农业诸多矛盾的必然要求、实现农业现代化的有效途径、构建农业安全的重要举措,同时农业科技发展必须以国家需要、人民需求为根本出发点。指出陕西农业科技发展中成果转化率不高、体制机制僵化、省级支持不够、基层人员结构不合理等问题,提出通过“科研面向需求”、设立省级基金、开展农技有偿服务、扩大农技部门人事权限、发挥各类市场主体作用来解决问题,推动全省农业科技持续稳步发展。

The Development of Agricultural Science and Technology in Shaanxi for a Century

Based on the review of the background and environment of agricultural sci-tech development in Shaanxi at different historical periods in the past 100 years, features such as the development impetus, the essence, scope and development targets were analyzed. The study summarizes the achievements of agricultural sci-tech development in Shaanxi, namely, the setting-up of agricultural sci-tech service system, finding out various approaches to breed and popularize new varieties, promoting agricultural industry, building up policy and talent environments for agricultural sci-tech development, and changing the traditional concepts and practices about agriculture. The experience and enlightenments are also concluded in this study, that is, the development of agricultural science and technology is significant for solving various contradictions in agriculture, and it is also an effective way to realize agricultural modernization and a significant measure for safe agricultural production. It needs to be pointed out that the development of agricultural science and technology should be in accordance with the needs of our country and its vast population. In addition, the study emphasizes the problems existing in agriculture development in Shaanxi, such as the relatively low transformation rate of sci-tech achievements, rigid system and mechanism, insufficient support from provincial government, unreasonable personnel structure at grassroots’ level. Finally, the study puts forward that scientific research should be demand-oriented, provincial funds should be established , sci-tech service should be paid, agricultural sci-tech organizations should be empowered more rights for personnel management, and the functions and initiatives of main bodies of market should be given a full play, thus promoting the stable development of agricultural sci-tech in the whole province.