基于‘罗氏沼虾’养殖尾水灌溉条件下稻田养分利用效能提升技术研究

为了实现稻田消纳罗氏沼虾养殖尾水过程中水稻稳产及养分利用效率最大化,设置CK（空白对照）、BC（添加生物炭）、TG（添加土壤改良液）、BT（生物炭及土壤改良液分别减半）4个处理,依据养分运移状况及水稻生长指标的比较,筛选适宜材料类型。结果表明,BC、TG及BT的添加对表层土壤(0~10cm)TN累积、土壤(0~25cm)TP累积及养分损失,BC、TG对土壤(0~25cm)TN累积及养分损失均存在正面效应;TG显著促进表层土壤(0~10 cm)NO₃ ^-累积(P<0.05);除BC外,其他材料的养分表聚作用均促使TN、TP向根部运移(P<0.05);BT处理中灌浆期叶绿素含量显著高于TG和CK(P<0.05),材料处理组在第一节间长度均显著低于CK(P<0.05),其余处理间的差异性均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。各处理的理论和实际产量间的差异性均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。综上所述,相较于其他材料,有效截留NO₃ ^-为主氮素养分,提高养殖尾水养分利用率,降低淋洗污染风险;显著控制水稻底部节间生长,降低倒伏风险;且其对水稻生长及产量性状并无显著抑制作用,因而将其作为水稻消纳罗氏沼虾养殖尾水中养分利用效率提升材料具有一定应用潜力。

The Enhancement of Nutrient Utility Efficiency in Paddy Field Based on Tail Water Irrigation of ‘Macrobrachium Rosenbergii’ Aquiculture

To achieve the steady yield of rice and to maximize the nutrient use efficiency during the paddy rice production irrigated by the tail water of ‘Macrobrachium Rosenbergii’ aquiculture completely, four treatments were set up for the pot experiment which contained CK (blank control), BC (biochar), TG (soil improvement solution), BT (biochar and soil improvement solution). The suitable material types were screened by the comparison of nutrient transport status in rice-soil system and the growth indexes of paddy rice in different treatments. The results showed that the addition of BC, TG and BT had positive effects on TN accumulation in topsoil (0-10 cm), TP accumulation in soil （0-25cm）,and system nutrition loss;meanwhile, the former two treatment were also helpful for TN accumulation in soil（0-25cm）,and the system nutrition. TG promoted the NO₃ ^- accumulation in the topsoil (0-10 cm) (P<0.05). Except BC treatment,TN and TP in paddy rice showed a downward trend at the same time in the existence of materials. In the BT treatment, the chlorophyll content at filling stage was higher than that of TG and CK (P<0.05) apparently, the first internode length of material treatment was lower than that of CK (P<0.05), while the difference of the other treatments was not significant(P>0.05). There was no significant difference between actual yield and theoretical yield of different treatments (P>0.05). To summarize, comparing with other materials, TG holds back NO₃ ^- as the main nitrogen nutrition effectively, enhances the nutrition utility efficiency of aquiculture wastewater, decreases the leaching risk, controls the internode growth of the rice bottom obviously, reduces the lodging risk and has no inhibition on the growth and yield of rice. Thus, TG is a potential material for the enhancement of nutrient utility efficiency in paddy rice irrigated by the wastewater from ‘Macrobrachium rosenbergii’ aquiculture completely.