豫东平原冬小麦超高产栽培技术路线探讨

为了探讨豫东平原冬小麦超高产栽培技术路线,选用4个半冬性品种,划分为3个产量水平,进行产量结构变化情况分析、产量构成三要素与产量的回归及通径分析。结果表明：产量水平从9000~9750 kg/hm ²提高至9750~10500 kg/hm ²,种植密度、收获穗数、穗粒数、千粒重协调增加,有效穗数增幅稍大。穗数(x₁)、穗粒数(x₂)、千粒重(x₃)与产量(y)具有极显著的回归关系。通径分析表明对产量的贡献千粒重>穗数>穗粒数。因此,豫东平原冬小麦超高产栽培,应以提高千粒重为主攻方向,适当增加有效穗数,稳定穗粒数。从而提出豫东平原半冬性多穗型冬小麦超高产栽培“一提三增一稳五防”的技术路线。

The Technical Route of Super High Yield Cultivation of Winter Wheat in the East Henan Plain

To explore the super high-yield cultivation technology route of winter wheat in the east Henan plain, four semi-winter varieties of three production levels were selected as materials, the analysis of yield structure change, the three components of yield composition and the regression and path were carried out. The results showed that the yield level increased from 9000-9750 kg/hm ² to 9750-10500 kg/hm ², and the planting density, the number of the harvested spikes, grain number per spike and the 1000-grain weight increased in the same pace, and the effective spike number increased greatly. A very significant regression relationship was found among the spike number (x₁), grain number per spike (x₂), 1000-grain weight (x₃) and yield (y). Path analysis showed the contribution to yield listed in descending order of the 1000-grain weight, the number of spikes and the number of kernels per spike. Therefore, special attention should be paid to increasing the 1000-grain weight for the super high-yield cultivation of winter wheat in the east Henan plain, the number of effective panicles should be appropriately increased, and the number of grains per panicle should be stabilized. Therefore, the technical route of “one improvement, three increases, one stability and five prevention” for the super-high-yield cultivation of the semi-winter multi-ear type winter wheat in the east Henan plain was proposed.