兴安盟水稻不同生育类型品种灌浆后期根系活力和籽粒灌浆特性研究

为进一步研究不同生育类型水稻品种灌浆后期根系活力和籽粒灌浆特性,并为高产水稻的培育优质根系提供参考依据,2018—2019年对兴安盟中早熟、中熟、中晚熟、晚熟的代表性品种进行大田和水培试验,运用调节播期、调节伸长节间数使生育期不同的品种在相同时期内抽穗,使同一品种的伸长节间数不同而抽穗期相同,以比较不同品种后期根系活力和籽粒灌浆特点、同一品种不同伸长节间类型后期根系活力和籽粒灌浆特点。结果表明,不同品种的水稻抽穗后根系活力均呈下降趋势,在整个灌浆结实期,所有供试品种的上层根活力均高于下层根系。不同伸长节间品种后期根系活力有明显差异,并主要决定于发根规则和上层根率。不同伸长节间品种主要灌浆期持续天数和灌浆强度不同,伸长节间数少的品种主要灌浆期持续时间短,灌浆强度大;伸长节间数多的品种主要灌浆持续时间长,灌浆强度小。伸长节间数相同的品种差异较小,而伸长节间数不同的品种有较大差异。要实现水稻高产,应针对不同生育类型水稻品种的发根和根系活力特点,灵活多样地运用促控技术,培育发达、功能旺盛的根系,以达到促进水稻高产的目的。

Root Activity and Late Grain Filling Characteristics of Rice Varieties with Different Growth Types in Xing’an League

The paper aims to study the root activity and grain filling characteristics of rice varieties with different growth types at the late filling stage, and to provide a reference for the cultivation of quality root system for high yield rice. In this study, field and hydroponics experiments were carried out on the representative varieties of middle early maturity, middle maturity, middle late maturity and late maturity in Xing’an League in 2018-2019. By adjusting the sowing date and the number of elongation internode, the varieties with different growth periods could heading in the same period, and the number of elongation internode of the same variety was different but the heading period was the same, so as to compare the root activity and grain filling characteristics of different varieties in the later period, and the characteristics of root activity and grain filling at the later stage of different elongation internode types in the same variety and spot. The results showed that the root activity of different rice varieties decreased after heading, and the upper root activity of all tested varieties was higher than that of the lower one in the whole grouting and filling stage. The root activity of different elongation internode varieties was significantly different in the later stage, which was mainly determined by the rooting rule and the upper root rate; the main filling duration and filling intensity of different elongation internode varieties were different. The varieties with the same number of elongated internodes had a short duration of grouting and a large grouting intensity; the varieties with the same number of elongated internodes had a long duration of grouting and a small grouting intensity. The varieties with the same number of elongated internodes had a small difference, while the varieties with different number of elongated internodes had a large difference. To achieve high yield of rice, it is necessary to use the promoting and controlling technology flexibly according to the characteristics of root and root activity of different growth types of rice, cultivate the developed and functional root system, so as to achieve the purpose of promoting high yield of rice.