振捣提浆与侧深施肥技术模式对寒地水稻产量性状及肥水效率的影响

为解决北方寒地传统搅浆平地耕作模式造成稻田泡田灌溉水量大和肥料利用效率低等问题,于2018—2019年以稻田水整地环节振捣提浆机与侧深施肥机为材料,采用2种耕整地模式和2种施肥模式的正交试验设计：搅浆平地耕整地模式(WPF)、振捣提浆耕整地模式(VEP)、基肥撒施模式(CFA)和侧深施肥模式(SDF),分析振捣提浆+侧深施肥技术模式对泡田期灌水量、干物质积累量、产量指标、肥料利用率及经济效益的影响。结果表明：与常规搅浆平地耕整地+基肥撒施(WPF+CFA)相比,搅浆平地耕整地+侧深施肥(WPF+SDF)、振捣提浆耕整地+基肥撒施(VEP+CFA)和振捣提浆耕整地+侧深施肥(VEP+SDF)3种技术模式对水稻泡田灌溉量、产量性状、肥料利用效率和经济效益均产生显著的影响,以VEP+SDF增幅最大,WPF+SDF次之,VEP+CFA最小。与WPF+CFA相比,VEP+SDF模式能显著提高肥水效率,节约泡田灌溉水11.4%,减少肥料施用量10%,产量和经济效益分别提高7.3%和1628.7元/hm²。本研究表明,VEP+SDF模式显著改善肥水利用效率,提高植株产量和经济效益,是北方寒地水稻较为理想的机械化整地施肥技术模式。

Technical Mode of Vibrating Pulp Extraction and Side-deep Fertilization: Effect on Yield Characteristics and Fertilizer and Water Efficiency of Rice in Cold Region

To solve the problems of large amount of irrigation water in steeping paddy fields and low fertilizer use efficiency caused by traditional flatting and puddling paddy field farming mode in northern cold region, in 2018-2019, we selected vibrating pulper and side deep fertilizer for water paddy field preparation as materials, and conducted the orthogonal experiment design with 2 land preparation modes and 2 fertilization modes, including flatting and puddling field paddy preparation(WPF), vibrating pulp extraction(VEP), base fertilizer application (CFA), and side deep fertilization(SDF). The impact of vibrating slurry and lateral deep fertilization technology model on irrigation amount of watering field, dry matter accumulation, yield index and economic cost of bubble field was studied. The results showed that compared with the mode of traditional flatting and puddling field paddy preparation + base fertilizer application (WPF + CFA), the other 3 technical modes of traditional flatting and puddling paddy field preparation and side deep fertilization (WPF+SDF), vibrating pulp extraction and conventional fertilizer application (VEP+CFA) and vibrating pulp extraction and side deep fertilization (VEP+SDF) had significant influence on water field irrigation amount, yield characteristics, fertilizer use efficiency and economic benefit. Among them, VEP+SDF had the greatest increase rate, WPF+SDF came next and VEP+CFA was the last. Compared with WPF+CFA, VEP + SDF mode could significantly improve fertilizer and water use efficiency, which saved field irrigation water by 11.4%, reduced fertilizer application by 10%, increased yield and economic benefit by 7.3% and 1628.7yuan/hm², respectively. This study indicates that the VEP+SDF technical mode could significantly improve fertilizer and water efficiency, increase rice yield and economic benefit, which was an ideal technical mode of mechanized soil preparation and fertilization of rice in northern cold region.