根瘤菌的分类、鉴定及应用技术研究现状

豆科植物(legumines)作为重要的粮食及经济作物,一直以来被广受重视。根瘤菌(Rhizbium)是一类普遍存在于土壤中的革兰氏阴性杆菌,可与豆科植物形成共生固氮体系,不仅可以提高植物的产量而且对周边生态环境无影响。根瘤菌与豆科植物的共生体系是生物固氮效率最高的,占生物固氮总量的65%以上。深入研究这种共生固氮体系对中国农业的可持续发展具有重要意义。近年来,越来越多的学者参与到根瘤菌的分类、鉴定以及应用技术的研究。本文主要从根瘤菌的分类、形态水平、生理生化水平、细胞组分、核酸分子水平的鉴定和根瘤菌的应用等方面进行了综述,为根瘤菌的实际应用提供参考依据。

Taxonomy,Identification and Application of Rhizobium

Leguminosae, as important food and cash crops, have been widely valued. Rhizobia are gram-negative bacilli which are ubiquitous in soil, and can form symbiotic nitrogen fixation system with legume plants. Rhizobium can not only increase the yield of plants, but also have no effect on the surrounding ecological environment. The symbiotic system of Rhizobium and leguminous plants has the highest biological nitrogen fixation efficiency, accounting for more than 65% of the total biological nitrogen fixation. The in-depth study of the symbiotic nitrogen fixation system is beneficial to the sustainable development of China’s agriculture. In recent years, more and more scholars have been involved in the classification, identification and application of Rhizobium. In this paper, the classification, morphological level, physiological and biochemical level, cell components, nucleic acid molecular level identification and application of Rhizobium are reviewed, which could provide references for the practical application of Rhizobium.