成都平原不同作物种植模式生产效率及其影响因素研究—以成都市郫都区为例

为研究成都平原不同种植模式的农田生产效率,基于2017年对成都市郫都区13个乡镇92户农户调查数据,运用DEA-Tobit模型分析了郫都区主要的水旱轮作和旱作种植模式的农田经营效率及影响因素。研究结果表明：不同种植模式平均农田生产效率为0.793,不同模式农田生产效率排序依次为蔬菜连作或轮作(0.957)、水稻-大蒜(0.847)、水稻-油菜(0.782)、韭菜连作(0.759)、水稻-蔬菜(0.722)、水稻-圆根萝卜(0.689),农田生产效率未达到有效值1的原因主要是规模效益较低;同时,各模式均存在资金和劳动力投入冗余,水稻-蔬菜、水稻-油菜模式还存在产出不足问题;影响6种模式生产效率的因素均不相同,政策因素对农田生产效率的影响相对较大。为进一步提高郫都区农田生产效率,建议适度推广农田规模化经营,加强农村富余劳动力转移,完善各类农业政策措施。

Production Efficiency and Its Influence Factors of Crop Planting Patterns in Chengdu Plain—A Case Study of Pidu District

To study the farmland production efficiency of different planting patterns in Chengdu Plain, based on the survey data of 92 households in 13 towns of Pidu District, Chengdu City in 2017, the DEA-Tobit model was used to analyze the farmland production efficiency and the influence factors of the paddy-upland rotation and dry farming patterns in Pidu District. The results showed that the average farmland production efficiency of different planting patterns was 0.793. The order of the farmland production efficiency of different patterns was vegetable succession cropping or crop rotation (0.957), rice-garlic crop rotation (0.847), rice-rape crop rotation (0.782), succession cropping of leeks (0.759), rice-vegetable crop rotation (0.722) and rice-round root radish crop rotation (0.689). The reason why farmland production efficiency did not reach valid value 1 was mainly owing to lower scale efficiency. At the same time, the redundancies of capital and labor input were existed in all the patterns, and the output of rice- vegetable crop rotation and rice- rape crop rotation patterns were insufficient. The factors affecting the farmland production efficiency were different, and the policy factor had a relatively large effect on the efficiency. In order to further improve the farmland production efficiency in Pidu District, it is recommended to appropriately promote the large- scale operation of farmland, strengthen the transfer of surplus rural labor and improve various agricultural policy measures.