高寒区地膜覆盖育苗移栽技术对鲜食玉米生长及鲜穗产量的影响

为了探究覆膜育苗移栽技术对鲜食玉米生长及鲜穗产量的影响,以覆膜直播为对照,分析比较了2种栽培方式对鲜食玉米出苗（成活）率、生育进程、株高、穗位高及穗部性状、鲜穗产量的影响。试验结果表明：覆膜育苗移栽的有效苗率较直播提高15.8%,且生育进程明显早于直播,鲜穗收获期提前;覆膜育苗移栽可使株高和穗位高降低,对穗长及鲜穗产量的影响不明显,但对秃尖的影响极显著。对鲜穗产量影响不明显的主要原因是覆膜育苗移栽使生育进程提前,有效灌浆期延长,百粒重增加。随着相关配套技术的应用,鲜食玉米覆膜育苗移栽技术在晋北高寒地区的优势突显,很好的推广这一技术将是该地区鲜食玉米产业发展的一次革命性突破。

Transplanting Techniques with Plastic Film Mulching Affect Growth and Fresh Ear Yield of Fresh Corn in Alpine Region

To explore the effects of transplanting with plastic film mulching on the growth and fresh ear yield of fresh corn, direct- sowing with plastic- film mulching was taken as control, the effects of two cultivation methods on seedling emergence rate, growth process, plant height, ear height, ear characters and fresh ear yield of fresh corn were analyzed. The results showed that the effective seedling rate of film- mulched seedling transplanting was 15.8% higher than that of direct seeding, with obviously earlier growth process and earlier harvest period of fresh ears. Film-mulched seedling transplanting could reduce plant height and ear height, had little effect on ear length and fresh ear yield, but significant effect on bald tip. The main reasons that film- mulched seedling transplanting had no obvious effect on fresh panicle yield were that plastic film mulching seedling raising and transplanting could advance the growth process, prolong the effective filling period and increase the 100-grain weight. With the application of related supporting techniques, the advantages of film- mulched seedling transplanting could be more obvious in fresh corn production in the alpine region of northern Shanxi Province.