乐清湾围塘养殖泥蚶繁殖周期与环境因子的关系

为了研究人工养殖环境条件及气候变化对乐清湾泥蚶性腺发育造成的影响。自2010年3月-2011年2月，利用组织学等手段对乐清湾围塘养殖泥蚶的性腺发育作了周年观察，同时对围塘养殖环境温度、盐度和叶绿素a做了周年调查和分析。结果表明：其性腺发育分为增殖期、生长期、成熟期、排放期和休止期5个阶段。配子发生开始于3月，水温为16.6℃，大部分个体在6-7月性成熟，此时水温和叶绿素a含量达到最高，7月后大规模产卵。乐清湾围塘养殖泥蚶为雌雄异体，泥蚶的卵细胞直径呈显著的周年变化，从3月(8.87±2.4) μm开始增加，7月达最大值(48.47±9.51) μm。随着产卵的发生，卵径急剧减小，至8月，卵径降低至(18.57±2.77) μm。卵径变化与性腺发育周期具有明显的相关性，卵径可以作为判断泥蚶性腺成熟度的一个良好指标。

Studies on Reproductive Cycle of the Blood Clam (Tegillarca granosa Linnaeus.) in the Pond Culture of Yueqing

In order to study the effect of climate change on gonad development of the blood clam of Yueqing Bay. The reproductive cycle of the blood clam from the pond culture of Yueqing Bay was studied from March 2010 to February 2011 in relation to environmental factors. The results indicated that gonad development of the blood clam could be divided into five stages: (1) proliferating stage; (2) growing stage; (3) maturing stage; (4) spawning stage; (5) resting stage. Histological analysis indicated that the gametogenesis of the blood clam began in March when water temperature was 16.6℃. Most of the blood clam matured in June to July and a massive spawning occurred after July when the temperature and chlorophyll a concentration decreased gradually. The blood clam from the pond culture of Yueqing Bay was a kind of animal of gonochorism, the mean oocyte diameter showed significant differences among months. It increased from (8.87±2.4) μm in March, reached a maximum value of (48.47±9.51) μm in July, decreased sharply after spawning, and attained a minimum value of (18.57±2.77) μm in August. Temperature and available food played an important role in the gametogenesis of the blood clam. The relationship between the size of oocyte and reproductive cycle demonstrated that oocyte diameter was a good indicator for identifying the gonadal maturity of the blood clam.