越南广宁省水稻废弃物生产生物质炭的潜力分析

随着农业的发展,越南秸秆资源总量不断增加。但秸秆资源综合利用程度较低,产业化发展滞后,秸秆焚烧而引发的环境问题日益突出。近年来,高温热裂解生物质炭化与生物质农业应用成为秸秆资源化的新方向。笔者以越南广宁省为研究对象,通过随机走访农村并发放调查问卷,采集农业废弃物利用信息,特别是资源化利用中存在的实际问题,进而采用成本效益分析方法估算农户规模水稻秸秆生产生物质炭的经济效益。结果表明:农户秸秆炭化收益最高可达1275元/(hm2·a),生物质炭的碳交易收益可达117元/(hm2·a)。笔者还分析了农业废弃物制成生物质炭对环境和社会的效益,以期为越南乃至东盟国家秸秆炭化的资源化利用提供科学依据与生物质炭产业发展的参考。

Analysis of Potential Biochar Production from Rice Residue in Quang Ninh, Vietnam

The total amount of straw resource is increasing with the development of agriculture in Vietnam. But straw burning has become a critical issue as comprehensive utilization of crop residue has not yet been promoted due to the lack of available processing technologies. In recent years, biochar production via pyrolysis of waste biomass has been proposed as a new dimension of crop residue recycling in agriculture. In this study, a questionnaire survey with interviews to local farmers was conducted in randomly visited villages to investigate agricultural waste utilization and practical problems in resource utilization, the potential benefits of biochar produced by rice straw were estimated by cost-benefit analysis. The results showed that the income of straw carbonization could reach 1275 CNY/(hm2 ·a), and the income of biochar carbon trading could reach 117 CNY/(hm2·a). Furthermore, environmental and social benefits of biomass carbonization were also analyzed to provide a scientific basis for straw carbonization resource utilization in Vietnam and the Association of South-eastern Asian countries, as well as references for biochar production development.