重庆市雷电灾害状况及其农村防雷建议

【摘 要】 为了摸清重庆雷电灾害（简称雷灾）的现状、时空分布及农村地区的雷灾成因与防治对策，本文在重庆市34个代表站1998～2008年共11年的雷灾数据的基础上就雷灾现状、时空分布及农村地区发生环境、灾害受体等方面进行了分析研究，得出了以下初步结果：①重庆雷灾次数与区域雷暴日数基本一致，呈一年高一年低或两年高一年低的趋势；②雷灾多发生在城市，其事故数量及经济损失远远超过农村；③重庆的雷灾密度中心有两个：即主城及其以东相邻地区，黔江和秀山；④雷灾人员伤亡主要发生在农村（占92.7%），户内是主要发生环境，雷灾死亡数与死伤数之比户外远高于户内；⑤农村地区雷灾的经济损失、数量主要表现在公共设施、电气设备、建筑物上表明了直击雷和雷电波入侵是雷灾的主要途径；⑥针对该市农村的实际情况，提出了农村防雷对策。

Lightning disaster status and suggestions of protection of country in Chongqing

In order to know clearly the status and time-space distribution of lightning disaster, disaster cause and control countermeasure of country in Chongqing, this paper analyzed the status and time-space distribution of lightning disaster, disaster environment and receptor of country based on the 11 years lightning disasters data in 34 representation stations of Chongqing during 1998-2008. The preliminary conclusions were as below： ①the times of lightning disasters were basically the same as it of the region thunderstorm days： the trend 1 years high and another year low or 2 years high and another year low; ②the lightning disaster mostly occured in city, and the number of accident and economic loss in city was far more than that in country; ③ there were 2 density centers of lightning disaster in Chongqing： the main cities and its eastern areas, Qianjiang and Xiushan; ④the casualties were main in country （92.7%） and usually occured indoors, which was far more than that occured outdoors; ⑤the economic loss and amount were mainly in public facilities, electric equipments and building, these indicated that the direct lightning and lightning surge were the main ways caused disasters; ⑥in view of existing situation in country, these countermeasures were given.