基于空间自相关的宁夏县域建设用地节约集约利用水平空间分异特征研究

摘 要：研究旨在摸清宁夏22个县建设用地集约利用现状水平，总结空间分布特征，剖析土地利用方面存在的问题，为进一步提高土地管理水平、科学制定针对性的管理政策提供科学依据。基于县域尺度，运用多因素综合评价法对宁夏22个县建设用地集约利用水平进行综合评价，并通过空间自相关分析法对建设用地集约利用水平空间分异特征进行了分析。研究表明宁夏县域建设用地集约利用水平空间分异特征明显，22个县中只有6个县综合评价得分达到80分以上，用地节约集约水平高；宁夏县域建设用地集约利用状况总指数呈现出自北向南逐步递减的特征，其中热点区集中分布在宁夏北部、次热点区位于热点区外围、次冷点区成散团式分布、冷点区分布在中部和南部各别县。整体来看，宁夏建设用地集约利用水平整体不高且空间分布极不平衡，呈现出较强的空间相关性，空间集聚特征明显。未来宁夏北部地区和南部地区各县要结合自身实际，制定差别化的集约用地管理政策,北部经济发展较好的县（市、区），主要是加强存量用地的挖潜和新增用地效益的提高；南部山区各县（市、区）更重要的是要促进经济社会快速发展，提高土地利用效益。

Intensive Use Level of Construction Land in Ningxia: Spatial Differentiation Characteristics Based on Spatial Autocorrelation

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to find out the status level of intensive use of construction land in 22 counties of Ningxia, summarize the spatial distribution characteristics, analyze the problems in land use, and to provide scientific evidence for further improving land management and scientifically formulating targeted management policies. Based on the county scale, this study used multi-factor comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the intensive use of construction land in 22 counties of Ningxia, and used spatial autocorrelation analysis method to analyze the spatial differentiation of construction land. This study revealed that the spatial differentiation of intensive use of construction land in Ningxia were obvious. Only five counties got more than 80 points, and the land use was highly intensive. The state of intensive use of construction land in Ningxia showed a gradual decline from north to south: The hotspots were concentrated in the northern part of Ningxia; the sub-hotspots were located in the periphery of the hotspots; the sub-cold spots were scattered and scattered; the cold spots were distributed in the central and southern counties. The conclusion of this study is that the intensive use level of construction land in Ningxia is not high and the spatial distribution is extremely unbalanced. It shows strong spatial correlation and obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics. In the future, the northern and southern counties of Ningxia will have to formulate differentiated land management policies based on their own realities. The northern counties with better economic development are mainly to excavate the potential of stock land and improve efficiency of new land; the southern counties are mainly to promote rapid economic and social development and improve land use efficiency.