向日葵生长发育气候条件的定量评价研究

为了揭示向日葵稳产高产对气象环境的需求，实现指导向日葵安全生产的目的。本研究选取1987—2011年向日葵生长发育期观测资料、产量资料及逐日气象资料，利用相关统计分析、因子膨化、积分回归分析等方法，建立了2套向日葵各生育期适宜生长指标和向日葵适宜生长逐旬气候指标，以及以各个旬为时间点的、以气温和日照为因子的向日葵产量定量评价方程。结果表明：6月上旬、8月中旬的a_T(t)值为对称的最大正效应，气温每升高1℃，向日葵增产约58.7 kg/(hm²·℃)，这在一定程度上反映了此阶段低温是制约产量的主要因素，5月下旬、8月下旬a_S(t)值为对称的最大负效应，日照时数每增加1 h，向日葵减产约8.6 kg/(hm²·h)。对河套灌区而言，热量条件对向日葵产量的影响大于光照条件。

Quantitative Evaluation of Climate Condition for Sunflower Growth:Taking Hetao Irrigation Area for Example

To reveal meteorological environment demand of sunflower’s high yield, climate condition was evaluated quantitatively in the whole growth duration of sunflower in connection with temperature and sunshine effect on sunflower’s growth and yield. Based on the method of statistical analysis, expanded factor and multiple integral regression, the suitable agrometeorological index was set up including all growth stages and by 10 days, covering the entire sunflower growth and development in Hetao Irrigation Area. Dynamic evaluation equation was established in temperature and sunshine factor by 10 days, by using the growth and development data, the meteorological data and sunflower yield from 1987 to 2011 in Hetao irrigation area. The results showed that the maximum positive effect of temperature was 58.7 kg/(hm²·℃) in the of beginning of June and the middle of August. Temperature played a dominant role to a certain extent in the above stage. The maximum negative effect of sunshine was 8.6 kg/(hm²·h) in the late of May and the late of August. For Hetao irrigation area, the influence of heat condition was greater than that of light condition in sunflower production.