低纬高原山区暖冬年与冷冬年油菜品种稳定性和适应性对比分析

为有效评价并推荐丰产性、稳产性和适应性好的山地油菜品种在低纬高原山区推广应用,采用灰色关联度、AMMI模型和模糊聚类等分析方法,对玉溪市典型的暖冬年(2012年)与冷冬年(2015年)4个不同海拔试点的7个参试油菜品种进行稳定性和适应性对比分析。结果表明:(1)暖冬年和冷冬年主要气象因子与油菜产量的关联度有明显差异;(2)AMMI模型中暖冬年的基因、基因与环境互作两者方差分量均显著高于冷冬年,而环境方差分量则明显低于冷冬年;(3)基因型与环境间的互作对暖冬年与冷冬年的主要农艺性状影响存在较大差异。低纬高原山区应主推‘云花油早熟1号’、‘花油6号’、‘玉红油1号’和‘花油5号’等优质油菜品种。

Stability and Adaptability of Rapeseed Cultivars to Warm and Cold Winter in Low Altitude Plateau Mountainous Area

In order to cope with the climate challenge of winter drought, frequent natural disasters in low altitude mountain areas, it is necessary to screen and evaluate the rapeseed varieties having more stable and stronger adaptive traits. As such, seven rapeseed varieties were tested in 4 different latitude areas in the warm year of 2012 and the cold year of 2015. Method]By using grey relation analysis, multi-regression analysis, AMMI model and fuzzy clustering analysis, the yield and main agro economic traits of different varieties were compared. Result] The results have illustrated that:(1) there is significant difference of correlationbetween the yield and main climate factors in cold year and warm year; (2) in AMMI model, the variance of gene type, interaction between gene and environment in warm winter are higher than those in cold winter, whereas the variance of environment in warm winter is significantly lower than that in cold winter; (3) in warm winter, the gene type, environmental variation, and the interaction between gene type and environment can significantly affect the yield, effective plant per unite area, pod number and silique number; whereas in cold winter, the interaction between gene type and environment can significantly affect yield, whole growth period, effective plant per unite area and silique number. Conclusion]the rapeseed varieties of Yunhuayouzaoshu 1#, Huayou 6#, Yuhongyou 1# and Huayou 5# were recommended to grow in low altitude mountain areas, due to their excellent traits of good adaptability, stable and high yield in both warm and cold winter.