基于纳米碳添加的减量施肥模式对寒地水稻产量及氮肥效率的影响

为解决减量施肥造成北方寒地水稻肥料供给不足和产量低的问题,以纳米碳增效剂为材料,采用仪器快速检测和植株常规测定分析方法,研究纳米碳添加的常规施肥和减量施肥模式对水稻产量性状和肥料利用效率的影响。结果表明：与常规施肥(CK)相比,纳米碳添加的常规施肥模式(SM-A)、减施氮肥10%(SM-B)和减施氮肥20%(SM-C)对水稻植株形态特征、光合生理特性、产量性状和肥料利用效率产生显著的影响,其中以SM-B增幅最大,SM-A次之,SM-C最小;SM-A、SM-B和SM-C增加经济效益分别为563.56、1374.20和-1391.08元/hm ²,以SM-B增效值最高。本研究表明,SM-B能改善生育期光合生理特性,提高植株产量和肥料利用效率,是寒地水稻较为理想的减量施肥安全利用模式。

Nanocarbon-based Fertilization Reduction Mode: The Effect on Rice Yield and Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilizer in Cold Region

To solve the problems of fertilizer supply shortage and low yield of rice in northern cold region caused by reduced fertilizer supply, we selected nanocrystalline carbon synergist as material, used rapid instrument detection and plant routine determination methods, to study the effects of nano- carbon added conventional fertilization mode and reduced fertilizer supply mode on yield characteristics of rice and fertilizer use efficiency. The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization mode (CK), the nano-carbon added conventional fertilization mode (SM-A), nitrogen fertilizer application of 10% reducing mode (SM-B) and nitrogen fertilizer application of 20% reducing mode (SM- C) had significant influence on rice plant morphological characteristics, photosynthetic physiological characteristics, yield characteristics and fertilizer use efficiency. Among them, SM-B had the greatest increase effect, followed by SM-A and the then SM-C. And for the aspect of economy benefit, the increased value of SM-A, SM-B and SM-C was 563.56, 1374.20 and -1391.08 yuan/hm2, respectively, SM-B got the largest economic benefit increase. This study indicates that SM-B can improve the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of rice during growth period, increase plant production and fertilizer use efficiency, it is an ideal and safe mode for reducing fertilization of rice in cold region.