蔬菜基于与无机肥配施的有机肥适用量研究

目前有关蔬菜作物有机无机肥的配施比例等有关施肥种类不合理的问题依然存在,为获得蔬菜生产上合理施用有机肥的用量,通过对菜心等叶菜和苦瓜开展田间试验,考察施不同量有机肥对菜心等叶菜和苦瓜产量和品质的影响,获取2类蔬菜的有机肥与无机肥配施时的合适用量,并进行了验证。结果表明:(1)菜心等叶菜有机肥与无机肥配施时,产量较高和品质较优的有机肥合适施用量为每茬50 kg/667 m2,若产量水平特别高的叶菜可适当增加至每茬100 kg/667 m2。(2)苦瓜有机肥与无机肥配施时,产量水平一般的苦瓜使用商品有机肥合适用量约为300 kg/667 m2,产量水平特别高的可增至500 kg/667 m2;若使用农家有机肥的合适用量约为750 kg/667 m2。

The Research of Organic Fertilizer Amount of Leafy Vegetables and Bitter Gourd Based on the Application of Inorganic Fertilizer

The problem of irrationally proportion in combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on vegetable crops still exists currently. In order to obtain a reasonable application of organic fertilizers on vegetable production, the author carried out field trials on leafy vegetables such as cabbage and bitter gourd, investigated different amounts of organic fertilizer on yield and quality of leafy vegetables and bitter gourd, etc., and got the suitable amount of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer combined application on 2 kinds of vegetables and conducted verification. The results showed that: (1) for combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer on leafy vegetables, the suitable fertilizer amount was 50 kg/667 m² per stubble, under which higher yields and better quality could be obtained, and 100 kg/667 m² per stubble could result in particularly high yield of leafy vegetables; (2) when combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer was conducted on bitter gourd, yield of ordinary level could be achieved with commercial organic fertilizer of about 300 kg/667 m², particularly high yield could be achieved with 500 kg/667 m² and suitable organic manure application amount was about 750 kg/667 m².