不同覆盖物对夏黑葡萄关键生育期土壤温度和土壤水势的影响

覆盖是调节土壤温度、减少土壤水分无效蒸发的一种行之有效的手段,为探明不同覆盖物对夏黑葡萄开花期—成熟期内土壤温度和土壤水势的影响效果,本试验在夏黑葡萄园设置地布、黑棉毡、黑地膜覆盖和不覆盖（对照）4个处理,对各处理土壤温度和土壤水势的变化进行了比较研究。结果表明：与CK处理相比,T1、T2和T3处理均可以提高开花期土壤最低温度,分别提高0.55、0.87、3.25℃;T1处理使果实快速膨大期和着色期土壤最高温度降低,分别降低0.83℃和1.11℃,使土壤温度更接近根系适宜生长的温度环境;T2和T3处理则提高果实快速膨大期和着色期土壤最高温度,分别提高0.71、0.01℃和3.18、2.40℃。在相同灌水条件下,不同覆盖处理均可降低土壤水势日变化幅度,T1处理土壤水势在0~1 kPa之间,基本呈饱和状态,T2、T3和CK处理不同生育期日最大土壤水势差分别为1.69~11.08、0.24~1.09、12.63~18.08 kPa;不同覆盖处理提高最高和最低土壤水势,其中覆盖地布和黑地膜效果更显著。综合比较各种覆盖材料对土壤温度和土壤水势的影响效果,覆盖地布处理效果最好。

Effects of Different Mulch on Soil Temperature and Soil Water Potential in Key Growth Stages of Summer Black Grape

Mulching is an effective way to regulate soil temperature and reduce ineffective evaporation of soil moisture. To investigate the effects of different mulching materials on soil temperature and soil water potential from flowering stage to ripening stage of summer black grape, we set 4 treatments including mulching geotextile cloth (T1), black cotton felt (T2), black plastic membrane (T3) and no mulch (control, CK). The results showed that, compared with CK, T1, T2 and T3 could increase the minimum soil temperature at florescence stage by 0.55, 0.87 and 3.25℃, respectively. T1 treatment reduced the soil maximum temperature of fruit rapid expansion period and veraison period by 0.83℃ and 1.11℃, respectively, made the soil temperature closer to the temperature environment suitable for root growth. T2 and T3 treatments increased the soil maximum temperature in fruit rapid expansion period and veraison period, by 0.71, 0.01℃ and 3.18, 2.40℃, respectively. Different mulching treatments could reduce the daily variation of soil water potential under the same irrigation condition, the soil water potential of T1 was between 0-1 kPa, which was basically saturated. The maximum daily range of soil water potential of T2, T3 and CK was 1.69-11.08, 0.24-1.09 and 12.63-18.08 kPa, respectively. Different mulching treatments increased the maximum and minimum soil water potential, in which, mulching geotextile cloth and black plastic membrane had more significant effect. Comprehensive comparison of the effects of different mulching materials on soil temperature and soil water potential showed that mulching geotextile cloth was the best.