茶园土壤真菌群落组成及影响因素研究

茶园土壤真菌群落多样性是评价茶园土壤环境质量与健康的重要依据。以代表性古茶山森林、现代茶园和古茶园土壤为研究对象,采用Illumina平台Hiseq 2500高通量测序技术,对真菌18S rDNA区段测序,结合土壤养分水平分析,探究不同类型土壤真菌群落组成及其与养分状况的关联性。结果表明：子囊菌、担子菌、接合菌、壶菌和球囊菌5个门的相对丰度占真菌群落的97.17%~99.67%,Cryptococcus、Archaeorhizomyces和Mortierella 3个属在森林和茶园土壤中分布广泛;土壤真菌群落多样性和丰度与土壤pH、C:N和Olsen-P的相关性明显高于有机质、碱解氮和有效钾;茶园土壤真菌数量和多样性优于森林土壤;属最佳分类水平上,森林土壤优势群落Hannaella、Trichoderma、Alternaria、Herpotrichiellaceae、Russula、Membranomyces、Gliocladiopsis、Penicillium等丰度与土壤C:N含量呈显著正相关关系,茶园土壤优势群落：Cryptococcus、Archaeorhizomyces、Fusarium、Exophiala、Mortierella和Metarhizium等丰度与土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效钾和Olsen-P呈显著正相关关系。茶树种植及年限和不同茶山土壤pH及碳氮磷钾养分状况与茶园土壤真菌群落结构及多样性关系密切。

The Fungi Community Structure and Influencing Factors in Tea Gardens Soil

The diversity of soil fungi communities is an important basis for evaluating the environmental quality and health of tea gardens. Soils from representative ancient tea mountain forests, modern tea gardens and ancient tea gardens were studied by using Illumina platform Hiseq 2500 high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze 18S rDNA of fungi. And combined with soil nutrient level analysis, we explored the correlation of soil fungi community diversity with nutrient status. The results show that the relative abundance of the five phyla of Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Chytridiomycota and Glomeromycotina account for 97.17%-99.67% of the fungi community. Cryptococcus, Archaeorhizomyces and Mortierella are widely distributed in forest and tea garden soils. The diversity and abundance of soil fungi communities have significantly higher correlations with soil pH, C:N and Olsen-P than that of organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium; the numbers and diversity of fungi in tea garden soil are better than that of forest soil; at the optimal classification level, the abundances of forest soil dominant communities such as Hannaella, Trichoderma, Alternaria, Herbrichiellaceae, Russula, Membranomyces, Gliocladiopsis, Penicillium, etc. are significantly and positively correlated with the ratio of carbon to nitrogen in soil. Tea garden soil dominant communities: Cryptococcus, Archaeorhizomyces, Fusarium, Exophiala, Mortierella and Metarhizium are significantly and positively correlated with soil pH, organic matter, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available potassium and Olsen-P. This study reveals the close relationship between the plantation and cultivated age of tea plant, the soil pH of different tea mountains, and the nutrient status of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with the fungi community structure and diversity of tea garden soils.