长江镇江和畅洲水域鱼类群落组成及环境影响因子

为了解长江镇江段和畅洲鱼类群落组成现状及其与水环境因子的相关性,本研究于2016年11月—2017年10月在长江镇江和畅洲水域进行周年调查,运用冗余分析法(RDA)分析鱼类群落组成与环境因子的相关关系。结果显示,共采集鉴定鱼类79种,隶属于9目17科57属,其中鲤形目鱼类占据绝对优势。部分水环境因子如正磷酸盐、水温、水深对鱼类群落组成具有显著影响(P<0.05),草鱼、鲫与正磷酸盐浓度相关性最大,鳡、贝氏䱗与水深的相关性最大,蒙古鲌、青鱼与水温的相关性最大。潮汐也是影响鱼类群落组成的关键因子,总体上表现为大潮期的渔获物种数和渔获尾数较多,但差异不显著。研究结果补充了长江下游段鱼类的基础数据,对该流域渔业资源评估与保护提供了科学依据。

The Fish Community Structure and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in Zhenjiang Hechang Section of the Yangtze River

To study the fish community structure and their correlation with environmental factors in Zhenjiang Hechang section of the Yangtze River, the fishery-annual survey was conducted in November of 2016 to October of 2017. The Redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to study the correlation between fish community and environmental factors in this section. A total of 79 species were collected, which belongs to 57 genera, 17 families and 9 orders. The Cypriniformes had the maximum ratio. The results show that orthophosphate, water temperature and water depth have significant influence on the composition of fish community (P<0.05). Ctenopharyngodon idellus and Carassius auratus have the biggest correlation with the concentration of orthophosphate, Elopichthys bambusa and Hemiculter bleekeri have the biggest correlation with the water depth, Culter alburnus and Mylopharyngodon piceus have the biggest correlation with the water temperature. The tide is also a key factor affecting the composition of fish community, which is generally manifested as a large number of fish species and quantity in the spring tide period, but the difference is not significant. The research could supplement the basic data of fish and provide a scientific basis for the assessment and protection of fishery resources in the Yangtze River basin.