不同花生品种氮磷钾钙硫吸收、分配和利用的差异

通过大田随机区组试验,研究优化施肥条件下,不同花生品种氮磷钾钙硫吸收、分配和利用的差异,旨在为豫南花生产区不同品种花生合理施用氮磷钾钙硫肥提供技术支撑。结果表明,花生仁中氮(N)、磷(P)、硫(S)含量最高,其中,‘驻花1号’的N、‘开农71’的P、‘冀花13’的S含量最高,分别为5.150%、0.558%、0.277%;花生茎叶中钾(K)、钙(Ca)含量最高,其中‘中花16’茎叶中K、‘中花24’茎叶中Ca含量最高,分别为1.637%、0.940%。花生仁中N、P、S积累量最高,其中,‘豫花40’花生仁中N、P、S积累量最高,分别为288.436、25.505、15.263 kg/hm²;花生茎叶中K、Ca积累量最高,其中‘豫花37’、‘中花24’茎叶中K、Ca积累量最高,分别为80.760、54.084 kg/hm²。每形成100 kg荚果需求的N、P₂O₅、K₂O、CaO、S养分量分别3.920~5.042、0.905~1.293、1.626~2.721、0.777~1.150、0.270~0.343 kg。本试验条件下,每形成100 kg荚果,‘豫花22’需求的氮最低,‘中花24’需求的磷最低,‘商花5号’需求的钾、钙、硫最低;‘驻花1号’需求的氮最高,‘开农71’需求的磷、钾、硫最高,‘中花24’需求的钙最高。

Differences in Absorption,Distribution and Utilization of Nitrogen,Phosphorus, Potassium,Calcium and Sulfur Among Peanut Varieties

In peanut producing areas of southern Henan, the absorption, distribution and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and sulfur among different peanut varieties were studied by field random block experiments under optimized fertilization conditions, aiming to provide technical support for rational application of fertilizers with the above elements in peanut production. Results showed that the contents of N, P and S in peanut kernel were high in ‘Zhuhua 1’ (5.150%), ‘Kainong 71’ (0.558%) and ‘Jihua1 3’ (0.277%), respectively; the contents of K and Ca in the stem and leaf were the highest, the content of K in‘Zhonghua16’ was 0.940% and the content of Ca in ‘Zhonghua 24’ was 1.637%, respectively. The accumulation rate of N, P and S in peanut kernel was the highest in ‘Yuhua 40’, which was 288.436, 25.505 and 15.263 kg/hm ², respectively; the accumulation rate of K and Ca in the stem and leaf was highest in ‘Yuhua 37’ (80.760 kg/hm ²) and ‘Zhonghua 24’ (54.084 kg/hm ²), respectively. The demanding rate of N, P₂O₅, K₂O, CaO and S for 100 kg peanut pod was 3.920-5.042, 0.905-1.293, 1.626-2.721, 0.777-1.150 and 0.270-0.343 kg, respectively. Under the experiment conditions, for producing 100 kg peanut pod, the demanding rate of nitrogen of ‘Yuhua 22’, phosphorus of ‘Zhonghua 24’, and potassium, calcium and sulfur of ‘Shanghua 5’ were the lowest, while the nitrogen demanding of ‘Zhuhua 1’, the phosphorus, potassium and sulfur demanding of ‘Kainong 71’, and the calcium demanding of ‘Zhonghua 24’ were the highest.