基施和追施富硒有机肥对小麦叶绿素荧光、产量和硒富集的影响

为确保富硒农产品的安全生产,为小麦高效富硒提供理论依据,以‘宁春55号’小麦品种为材料,在田间试验条件下探究了富硒有机肥不同施用方法及施用量对小麦叶绿素荧光、产量和地上部器官硒含量的影响。结果表明,基施和追施方式下,叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光值随施用量的增加而上升,其中两种施硒方式下孕穗期和灌浆期小麦叶片的叶绿素含量和Fo存在显著差异。不同处理小麦茎秆和麸皮中全硒含量均较对照显著提高,总体上,基施富硒有机肥地上部各器官全硒含量高于追施方式下,但二者差异不显著,表明两种施肥方式对小麦体内硒的富集均有一定的促进效果。基施方式下,小麦产量各处理分别比对照增产0.9%~8.9%,而追施方式下,不同处理小麦产量总体呈先下降后上升的趋势,两种施肥方式下,小麦产量差异不显著。因此,根据两种施肥方式下小麦的叶绿素荧光、产量及体内硒的富集效果,建议在小麦富硒农产品生产中基施富硒有机肥,减少小麦农艺操作环节,降低人工投入成本。

Basal Application and Topdressing of Selenium-enriched Organic Fertilizers: Effects on Chlorophyll Fluorescence,Yield and Selenium Enrichment of Wheat

In order to ensure the safe production of selenium-rich agricultural products and provide a theoretical basis for high efficient selenium enrichment of wheat, wheat variety ‘Ningchun 55’ was used as material in this study. Under the condition of field experiment, the effects of different application methods and application rates of selenium-enriched organic fertilizers on chlorophyll fluorescence, yield and selenium content of aboveground organs of wheat were studied. The results showed that the chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence value increased with the increase of selenium application rate, and there were significant differences in chlorophyll content and Fo of wheat leaves at booting stage and filling stage under the two selenium application methods. The total selenium content in wheat stem and wheat bran of different treatments was significantly higher than that of the control. On the whole, the total selenium content of aboveground organs of basal application of selenium-enriched organic fertilizer was higher than that of topdressing, but the difference between them was not significant. The results showed that the two fertilization methods had a certain promoting effect on the accumulation of selenium in wheat. Under the basal application mode, the wheat yield increased by 0.9%-8.9% compared with the control, while under topdressing, the wheat yield decreased at first and then increased, and there was no significant difference in wheat yield between the two fertilization methods. Therefore, according to the chlorophyll fluorescence, yield and selenium enrichment effect of wheat under the two fertilization methods, it is suggested that basal application of selenium-enriched organic fertilizer should be carried out in the production of wheat selenium-rich agricultural products to reduce the agronomic operation of wheat and reduce the cost of labor input.