区块链技术及其在农产品质量安全追溯应用的研究进展

农产品质量安全是一个备受关注的公共卫生问题,追溯应用已成为保障农产品质量安全的有效手段。确保溯源数据的真实性和安全性,成为追溯应用研究的重点和亟需解决的问题。区块链是一个综合多种技术并确保完全去中心化点对点系统完备性的完整技术方案,具有去中心化、透明化、去信任和数据不可篡改等优点,不受传统中心式技术的制约,在农产品质量安全追溯应用上有很大的发展空间。文章概述了区块链技术的基础架构、关键技术及其在追溯应用上的特点,以及区块链技术和农产品质量追溯的内在关系;通过分析基于公有链、联盟链和改良模式的农产品质量安全追溯研究进展和技术特点,总结了区块链技术在农产品质量安全追溯研究中存在的问题,结合区块链发展趋势,提出了注重横向技术融合、加强监测数据信息上链、建立农产品追溯激励惩罚机制等研究展望。

Research Progress of Blockchain Technology and Its Application in Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Traceability

Traceability application is an effective means to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products that has been a public health problem of growing concern, and to ensure the authenticity and security of traceability data has become the focus and urgent problem of traceability application research. Blockchain is a complete technical solution that integrates various technologies and ensures the completeness of completely decentralized point-to-point system, with the advantages of decentralization, transparency, detrust and data unforgeability. It is not restricted by traditional centralized technology, and thus has great development space in the application of agricultural product quality and safety traceability. This paper summarized the infrastructure, key technologies and application characteristics of blockchain technology, as well as the internal relationship between blockchain technology and agricultural product quality traceability. It presented the problems existing in the research of agricultural product quality and safety traceability based on blockchain technology by analyzing the research progress and technical characteristics of agricultural product quality and safety traceability based on the public chain model, consortium chain model and improved model. Combined with the development trend of blockchain, it put forward some research prospects, such as paying attention to horizontal technology integration, strengthening the chain of detection data information, and establishing incentive and punishment mechanism for agricultural products traceability.