牡丹籽粕提取液对连作土壤特性及小麦全蚀病防治研究

为充分利用牡丹籽粕中杀虫抑菌等作用成分,确定不同浓度牡丹籽粕提取液对连作土壤性质的影响。本研究通过结合单因素和正交实验、土壤化学性质分析方法及小麦全蚀病室内生物活性测定方法,确定了牡丹籽粕中有效成分最优提取条件为60%乙醇浓度、120 W超声功率、50℃提取温度;发现牡丹籽粕提取液在一定浓度范围内可降低连作土壤pH、改善土壤碱性,对土壤养分中有机质含量、全氮、碳氮比、全磷、灰分均表现出低浓度促进作用,高浓度抑制作用“低促高抑”作用,并有益于真菌、放线菌数量及纤维素酶和脲酶活性的增加;此外,牡丹籽粕提取液浓度为0.8 mg/mL (T4)时,其对小麦全蚀病治疗作用防效达63.42%。本研究结果可为牡丹籽粕废弃物的资源化利用及植物源环保型杀菌剂的开发奠定基础。

The Effect of Peony Seed Meal Extract on Soil of Continuous Cropping and Control of Gaeumannomyces graminis

To make full use of the insecticidal and antibacterial ingredients in peony seed meal, and explore the effect of different concentrations of extract on the continuous cropping soil, this study combined single factor and orthogonal experiment, soil chemical property analysis and laboratory biological active determination methods against Gaeumannomyces graminis, to determine that 60% ethanol concentration, 120 W ultrasonic power, and 50℃ temperature was the optimal extraction condition of peony seed meal effective ingredients. At the same time, in a certain concentration range, the peony seed meal extract could reduce the pH of continuous cropping soil, improve soil alkalinity, and show a “low promotion and high inhibition” effects on the organic matter content, total nitrogen, carbon to nitrogen ratio, total phosphorus and ash content. The peony seed meal extract was also found to be beneficial to increase the fungi and actinomycetes number and cellulase and urease activities. In addition, in vitro antifungal activity against Gaeumannomyces graminis with peony seed meal extract T4 (0.8 mg/mL) had a good efficacy, which could reach 63.42%. The results of this study could lay a foundation for the resource utilization of peony seed meal and the development of natural environmentally friendly fungicides.