模式生物果蝇在水环境污染物毒理学中的应用及研究进展

经济发展以及人类活动加速造成生态环境破坏,工业及生活污水的过度排放使得江河、海水的污染加剧,对人类健康的危害也日益加深。果蝇作为一种经典的模式生物,与其它动物模型相比,具有饲养成本低、生命周期短、繁殖能力强、遗传物质简单、突变表型多且易于观察等诸多优点,是一种应用广泛并适合于研究人类疾病和毒理学的模式生物。简述了水环境中挥发性有机化合物、氟喹诺酮类药物、重金属、农药和微生物毒素等污染物对果蝇的毒理学研究,提出了果蝇作为经典的模式生物在研究毒理学机制以及筛选抗毒药物的优势,并对未来的发展趋势做了展望。

The Application of Model Organisms Drosophila melanogaster to the Toxicology of Water Environment Pollutants: Research Progress

The economic development and human activities have accelerated the destruction of the ecological environment, and the discharge of industrial and domestic sewage has aggravated the pollution of rivers and seawater, as well as the harmful substances to human health continuously. Drosophila melanogaster is a widely used model organism. Compared with other animal models, D. melanogaster has many advantages such as low feeding cost, short life cycle, high fecundity, relatively simple genetics, multiple mutant phenotypes and easy to be identified, which is a model organism widely used and suitable for studying human diseases and toxicology. In this review, the toxicological studies of volatile organic compounds, fluoroquinolones, heavy metals, pesticides and microbial toxins in the water environment on D. melanogaster were summarized, and the advantages of D. melanogaste as a classic model organism in studying toxicological mechanisms and screening anti-toxic drugs and the prospects for the future development trend of D. melanogaster were discussed.