鲜食甜玉米对比试验及生育期气象条件分析研究

开展甜玉米品质对比试验研究,比较分析各参试甜玉米品种的性状、品质、口感,筛选出适合呼和浩特地区推广种植的甜玉米品种,为种植户提供专业的技术指导。主要依据试验基地小区分区试验,对试验甜玉米品种进行全生育期观测,每个品种采用田间随机选样4组,每组依次选取10株进行观测,主要针对生长状况、产量结构各要素进行测定,根据专家现场鉴评,对每个品种口感进行综合测评。结果表明：15个甜玉米品种中,‘万彩甜糯118’、‘禾甜糯2’、‘金糯628’、‘万糯2018’、‘美玉加甜糯36号’几个品种果穗大小均匀,籽粒饱满,排列整齐,并且甜糯可口,品质较好;‘禾甜糯2’属于口感型玉米,但是穗长较小,因此建议种植户选用时,如果追求甜玉米穗长和产量,应该尽量摒弃;‘美玉加甜糯36号’是早熟玉米,口感既糯又香甜,但是由于生育期短,因此种植时一定要合理结合销路进行种植,以防玉米过早衰老;‘万彩甜糯118’、‘金糯628’、‘万糯2018’属于中熟品种,建议大面积推广种植。综合甜玉米品种特性,甜玉米生育期越长,口感越佳,一般早熟甜玉米口感较差,中晚熟甜玉米口感比较好,杂交系甜玉米比自交系甜玉米更甜更糯,本次试验中,发现黄白相间、彩糯玉米等口感都比较好;甜玉米受干旱、高温、连阴天等不利天气影响较大,在生长期如果水肥条件太差不利于玉米快速生长,在开花期至乳熟期,如果出现高温或者连阴天,将会影响玉米授粉,同时不利于玉米结籽。

Comparative Experiment of Fresh and Sweet Corn Varieties and Analysis of Meteorological Conditions in the Growing Period

A comparative experiment of sweet corn quality was carried out to analyze the characters, quality and taste of the varieties. The sweet corn varieties suitable for popularizing in Huhhot were screened out. The whole growth period of sweet corn varieties was observed according to the plot division test of the experimental base. Four groups of samples were randomly selected for each variety, and 10 plants were selected in each group for observation. The growth status and yield structure of each variety were measured, and the taste of each variety was comprehensively evaluated according to the field evaluation of experts. The results show that among the 15 sweet corn varieties, ‘Wancaitiannuo 118’, ‘Hetiannuo 2’, ‘Jinnuo 628’, ‘Wannuo 2018’ and ‘Meiyujiatiannuo 36’ are of uniform size, full grain, neat rows, sweet and glutinous and delicious taste and good quality. ‘Hetiannuo 2’ belongs to taste corn, but the spike length is small. Therefore, it is not suitable for farmers who prefer sweet corn ear length and yield. ‘Meiyujiatiannuo 36’ is a kind of early maturing corn. The taste is waxy and sweet. However, due to its short growing period, planting must be combined with marketing to prevent premature senescence. ‘Wancaitiannuo 118’, ‘Jinnuo 628’ and ‘Wannuo 2018’ belong to medium maturity varieties, which could be popularized in a large area. Considering the characters of the sweet corn varieties, the longer the growing period, the better the taste. In general, the early mature sweet corn has a poor taste, while the middle late maturing sweet corn has a better taste. The sweet corn of hybrid line is more sweet and glutinous than that of the inbred line sweet corn. The sweet corn is affected by unfavorable weather conditions such as drought, high temperature and cloudy days. Bad water and fertilizer condition in the growth period is not conducive to the rapid growth of sweet corn. High temperature or cloudy days in flowering or milk ripening period could affect pollination and seed set.