增密减氮对弱筋小麦‘宁麦13’产量和品质的影响

为实现弱筋小麦优质稳产,解决当前弱筋小麦存在品质稳定性差的问题。本试验以弱筋小麦‘宁麦13’为试材,结合方差分析等方法研究增密减氮对弱筋小麦的产量、群体质量指标以及籽粒品质的影响。结果表明,在240 kg/hm²施氮水平条件下,随着密度的增加,小麦LAI、干物质积累量均呈先增加后下降的趋势,密度超过240×10⁴/hm²会导致LAI、干物质积累量、产量下降。在240×10⁴/hm²密度条件下,施氮量超过240 kg/hm²会导致小麦叶面积指数、SPAD值、花后干物质积累量和产量下降。适当的增密减氮有利于提高弱筋小麦的优质稳产,而过量增密减氮则会导致小麦产量下降,品质不稳定。为实现产量和品质的最优化,生产上推荐采用种植密度为240×10⁴/hm²,施氮量为180 kg/hm²,氮肥运筹为7:1:2:0的栽培模式。

Weak Gluten Wheat ‘Ningmai 13’: Effect of Increasing Density and Reducing Nitrogen on Yield and Quality

The aims are to achieve the high quality and stable production of weak gluten wheat and solve the problem of its poor quality stability. ‘Ningmai 13’ was used as the material, and variance analysis was adopted to investigate the effects of increasing density and reducing nitrogen on the yield, the population quality index and grain quality of weak-gluten wheat. The results showed that, the LAI and dry matter accumulation both indicated a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of density at the nitrogen application level of 240 kg/hm². The density exceeding 240×10⁴/hm² would lead to the decrease of LAI and dry matter accumulation. Under the density of 240×10⁴/hm², the nitrogen content exceeding 240 kg/hm² could cause the decrease of wheat leaf area index, SPAD value, dry matter accumulation after flowering and yield. Appropriately increasing density and reducing nitrogen was conducive to improving the quality and stable yield of weak gluten wheat, while excessively increasing density and reducing nitrogen would result in yield decreasing and unstable quality. Based on these results, the recommendation to achieve high yield and better quality for ‘Ningmai 13’ is: the planting density of 240×10⁴/hm², the nitrogen application rate of 180 kg/hm² and the nitrogen application mode of 7:1:2:0.