油松、白皮松古树林下野生地被种类调查及优势种分析

对油松、白皮松古树林下野生地被植物种类进行调查,旨在为古树下植被生态恢复提供依据。通过对香山公园碧云寺、十三陵永陵2个区域的油松、白皮松古树林下野生地被植物种类进行调查,记录古树林下各样方内全部植物的种类、株高,植株数量、频次及覆盖面积,计算各植物种类的相对多度、相对盖度、相对频度和重要值,并依此对地被植物进行优势种分析。结果显示,香山公园碧云寺油松古树林下夏季地被优势种为求米草、青绿薹草、多花胡枝子和短尾铁线莲;白皮松古树林下夏季地被优势种为求米草和短尾铁线莲;十三陵永陵油松古树林下夏季地被优势种为多花胡枝子、荆条和求米草,白皮松古树林下夏季地被优势种为多花胡枝子、荆条、抱茎苦荬菜、青绿薹草和酸枣。不同区域及不同种类古树林下地被植物存在一定差异,但求米草、多花胡枝子和青绿薹草在香山和十三陵地区均为野生优势种,可考虑在古树地被恢复中应用。

Investigation and Analysis of Dominant Species of Wild Ground Cover Species Under Ancient Trees of Pinus tabulaeformis and P. bungeana

The paper aims to grasp the species of wild ground cover plants under the ancient trees of Pinus tabulaeformis and P. bungeana, and provide a basis for the ecological restoration of vegetation under the ancient trees. This study investigated the species of wild ground cover plants under the ancient trees of P. tabuliformis and P. bungeana in the Biyun Temple of Fragrant Hills Park and the Yongling Mausoleum of the Ming Tombs. The species and average height of all ground cover plants under the ancient trees, and the numbers, frequency and covered area of each species were recorded. The dominant species of ground cover plants were analyzed based on the importance value, which was calculated by the relative abundance, relative coverage, and relative frequency. The results showed that the summer dominant species under the P. tabuliformis in Biyun Temple of Fragrant Hills Park were Oplismenus undulatifolius, Carex leucochlora, Lespedeza floribunda, and Clematis brevicaudata, and the summer dominant species under the P. bungeana were Oplismenus undulatifolius and Clematis brevicaudata. The summer dominant species under the P. tabuliformis in Yongling of the Ming Tombs were Lespedeza floribunda, Vitex negundo, and Oplismenus undulatifolius, and the summer dominant species under the P. bungeana were Lespedeza floribunda, Vitex negundo, Xeridium sonchifolium, Carex leucochlora, and Ziziphus jujuba. Although there are some differences in the ground cover plants under different regions and different types of ancient forest. Oplismenus undulatifoliusc, Lespedeza floribunda and Carex leucochlora were wild dominant species which appeared in Xiangshan and Ming Tombs respectively, these three plants might be used in the restoration of ancient trees vegetation.