普通丝瓜果皮颜色性状的遗传研究

对普通丝瓜的果皮颜色性状进行遗传分析,旨在为果皮颜色控制基因的挖掘及外观品质改良提供理论依据。以绿果皮丝瓜材料YX014和白果皮高代自交系丝瓜材料LJ-01为亲本,配制成P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂、B₁、B₂等6个世代,通过目测的方法对6个世代单株的丝瓜果皮色性状观察和分级处理,应用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对丝瓜果皮色性状进行遗传规律分析。结果表明,普通丝瓜果皮颜色的最佳遗传模型为B-1,即符合2对主基因控制并表现为加性-显性-上位性遗传模型。B₁、B₂和F₂分离世代的主基因遗传率较高,分别为96.4%、99.1%和99.4%。此外,2对主基因的加性效应分别为-2.50和0.00,显性效应分别为0.50和0.48,说明第一对主基因在加性效应中占主导地位,且为负向效应,2对主基因的显性效应近似相等。控制普通丝瓜果皮色的主效基因的遗传力较高,普通丝瓜果皮色遗传改良可以在早期分离世代时进行。

Genetic Research of Pericarp Color Traits of Luffa cylindrica

This study conducted the genetic analysis of the pericarp color of Luffa cylindrica, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for controlling gene discovery of pericarp color traits of L. cylindrica and improving exterior quality of L. cylindrica. The genetic population including P₁, P₂, F₁, F₂, B₁ and B₂ were generated by using green-pericarp line YX014 and white-pericarp line LJ-01 as the parents. The research adopted visual means to classify the pericarp color traits of L. cylindrica on each individual plant in six genetic populations. The mixed major gene plus poly-gene inheritance model was used to analyze the inheredity of L. cylindrica pericarp color traits. The results showed the inheritance of pericarp color traits of L. cylindrica were controlled by two major genes and accorded with the model of additive-dominant-epistasis (model B-1). The heritability of major gene had higher value in B₁, B₂ and F₂ population, which reached 96.4%, 99.1% and 99.4%, respectively. In addition, the additive effects of the two major genes were -2.50 and 0.00, and the dominance effects of the two major genes were 0.50 and 0.48 respectively. It indicated that the additive effect of the first pair gene was dominant and negative, and the dominance effects of the two major genes were relatively equal. The heritability of major genes controlling the pericarp color of L. cylindrica was relatively high. It showed that the genetic improvement of L. cylindrica fruit pericarp color should be carried out in earlier generation of separation.