食品动物兽药残留的研究进展

综述了食品动物兽药残留的现状、原因、危害和控制等最新进展。兽药残留在每个国家都存在，区别仅在于兽药残留的量不同，发达国家对食品中兽药残留的要求越来越严格。食品动物疫病防治用药、兽药添加剂的使用、动物性食品中的兽药残留及兽药或饲料添加剂中混有污染物等，成为食品动物兽药残留的主要原因。食品动物兽药残留的主要危害包括毒性作用、耐药性、激素样作用、致敏作用及生态环境毒性。应从完善动物性食品安全法律和标准体系、强化食品动物兽药残留技术体系、重视畜牧兽医工作者在食品动物生产中的主体地位、加强食品动物生产环境监管、严把饲料及添加剂关、合理使用兽药，加大兽药残留监控力度、严把屠宰检疫关，净化动物性食品市场等方面进行食品动物兽药残留的控制。

Progresses of Studies on Veterinary Drug Residue in Food Animals

The actualities, causations, hazards, and control of veterinary drug residue in food animals were reviewed. Veterinary drug residue exists in every country and the residual amounts are different in different countries, and the developed countries put forward stricter requirements on veterinary drug residue in food. The main reasons of veterinary drug residue in food animals are drug usage for diseases prevention and treatment in food animals, usage of veterinary medicinal additives, and the pollutants in veterinary drugs or additives. The main hazards of veterinary drug residue in food animals include toxic effects, drug resistances, hormone-like effects, sensitization and eco-environmental toxicities and etc. The control of veterinary drug residue in food animals can be more perfect law and criterion systems for animal food, aggrandizement of examination technical system of veterinary drug residue in food animals, recognition of the principal parts of staff working in food animals, enhancement of supervision of the producing environment of food animals, strict quality requirements of feed and additives, reasonable usage of veterinary drugs and enhancement of veterinary drug residue control, strict slaughter quarantine as well as cleaning of animal food markets etc.