太湖流域糯稻地方品种资源农艺性状分析

为了充分利用地方资源有利基因拓展现代育成品种的遗传基础和改良目标性状，本研究利用15个主要农艺性状对135个太湖流域糯稻地方品种资源进行了分析。结果表明，晚熟、株高和穗颈长偏高、着粒密度和产量偏低为太湖流域糯稻地方品种的主要特征。性状的变异系数范围为3.42%~35.01%，单株产量、单株有效穗、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、穗颈长短、着粒密度等6个性状居前列。主成分分析显示，PC1-PC5能够解释总体70.4%的变异，而每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、着粒密度、单株有效穗、株高、千粒重、单株产量等7个性状因具有高的特征向量值，为分析太湖流域糯稻地方品种资源的重要性状。以主成分分析中提取的5个公因子进行聚类分析，可将研究材料分为14类，其中第Ⅰ、Ⅸ、ⅩⅣ和Ⅻ类品种有利性状突出，是改良当地糯稻品种的极有用的种质资源。产量构成因子和单株产量的偏相关分析表明，太湖流域糯稻地方品种对产量的贡献主要是单株有效穗和每穗粒数，这也是地方品种亟待改良的重点。研究还发现，同名异种现象十分普遍。

Analysis on Agronomic Characters of Sticky Rice Landraces (Oryza sativa L.) from Taihu Lake Valley

For improving genetic basis and breeding target characters using favorable gene of rice landraces germplasm, Variations of 15 agronomic characters of 135 sticky rice landraces (Oryza sativa L.) from Taihu lake valley were analyzed. Results showed these varieties were characterized by late matured, high plant height and panical neck length, low spikeletes density and yield per plant. The range of CV was from 3.42% to 35.01% for 15 characters， 6 characters, yield per plant, panicals per plant, spikeletes per panical, filled grains per panical, panical neck length and spikeletes density, had higher value than other traits. Principal component analysis showed the first five PCs explained 70.4% variation in total germplasms, and seven traits, spikeletes per panical, filled grains per panical, spikeletes density, panicals per plant, plant height, 1000-grains weight and yield per plant, were important traits in explaining variation of these germplasm because of theirs high vector loadings. Five PCs were drawn for cluster analysis that indicated all the landraces can be divided into 14 types. In which, the landraces belong to typeⅠ,Ⅸ,ⅩⅣ and Ⅻ,were very useful for sticky rice breeding and improving. Partial correlation analysis of the main grain-yield factors were conducted and results showed contribution rates of grain-yield were main from the character of panicals per plant and spikeletes per panical, therefore, these characters were important goal characters to urgely improved in sticky rice landraces from Taihu lake valley. In this article, the phenomenon of same name but not closed genetic relationship was also found.