支脉河口潮滩芦苇生境适宜性分析及生态承载力评估

为实现岸段建设的防浪减灾及生境保护双重目的，优化人工岸段的建设管理，本文选取并监测了支脉河口潮滩区域土壤质量及污染因子等共13项理化指标，构建了芦苇种植生境适宜性评价指标体系和生态承载力评估模型，应用GIS技术分析了研究区滨岸潮滩芦苇群落构建的生态适宜性并评估了其生态承载力。结果表明：研究区主要为芦苇群落构建的中度适宜和勉强适宜生境，其主要限制因子为有机质、水解氮和有效磷等土壤肥力指标，其次为水溶性盐和含水率；生境适宜性分析得研究区44.16%为芦苇中度适宜生境（71.66 ha）、生态承载力为7154 - 8255.72 g/m2、年可生产芦苇3.02 × 106 kg，55.84%区域为芦苇勉强适宜生境（90.62 ha）、生态承载力为1287.72 - 7154 g/m2，年可生产芦苇6.98 × 106 kg；研究区芦苇生态承载力平均为4771.72 g/m2，可通过人工辅助构建和恢复芦苇群落进而实现人工岸段建设的生态化，并可获得年度1.00 × 107 kg的芦苇产量。

Evaluation of Habitat Suitability and Ecological Capacity of Phragmites australis in Tidal Wetland of Zhimai River Estuary

In order to achieve the double purpose of anti-wave mitigation and ecological environment protec?tion, and provide the reference for optimizing the management of artificial coast construction, based on GIS technology, this research selected 13 physical and chemical properties as soil quality index and pollution index which were two aspects influencing factors and established a reed suitability evaluation index system and a eco?logical carrying capacity assessment model. Then the evaluation of habitat suitability and ecological capacity of Phragmites australis in tidal wetland of Zhimai River estuary were conducted. The results showed that, the study area was mainly composed of better and good suitable habitats for Phragmites australis, and the main lim?iting factors were the soil organic matter content, hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus followed by the soil water-soluble salt content and water content. 44.16% of the study area is the better suitable habitat for reed (71.66 hm²) and the ecological carrying capacity of reed is 7154 - 8255.72 g/m² as 3.02×10⁶ kg reed can be produced annually. And 55.84% of the study area is the good suitable habitat for reed (90.62 hm²) and the ecological carrying capacity of reed is 1287.72 - 7154 g/m² as 6.98×10⁶ kg reed can be produced annually. Artificial coast around the study area can be built ecologically by the construction and restoration of artificial reed community as the mean reed ecological carrying capacity of the study area being 4771.72 g/m² and 1.00×10⁷ kg reed can be produced annually.