种植密度对玉米籽粒灌浆及脱水特性的影响

为了研究种植密度对玉米籽粒灌浆、脱水特性及产量的影响，探寻玉米收获时籽粒含水量与籽粒灌浆速率和脱水速率的相关性，建立玉米高产、高品质及合理密植栽培模式。以‘绿单2号’、‘绥玉10号’、‘鑫鑫1号’、‘德美亚3号’、‘吉单27’、‘嫩单ll’为试验材料，采取裂区设计，种植密度为主区（种植密度设6．0万株／hm2、7．5万珠／hm2、9．0万株／bm2、10．5万株／hm24个水平），玉米品种为副区，测定授粉后不同时期各玉米品种籽粒灌浆速率、脱水速率、籽粒含水量、产量及产量相关性状，研究种植密度对不同玉米品种籽粒灌浆及脱水特性的影响。结果表明，‘德美亚3号’10．5万株／hm2种植密度下，授粉后55天灌浆即停止，其他玉米品种授粉后56～60天、61～65天籽粒灌浆速率差异不明显，并趋于0；授粉后41—65天，‘绿单2号’7．5万株／hm2处理籽粒含水量低于其他密度处理（P〈0．05），65天籽粒含水量最低，为41．34％；‘德美亚3号’7．5万籼。种植密度籽粒脱水速率表现单峰曲线趋势，峰值出现在授粉后51～55天，为3．90％／d；6个玉米品种10．5万株mm2处理产量均低于其各自玉米品种其他密度处理，说明三江平原地区10．5万株/hm2密度不适于该6个玉米品种。综合籽粒灌浆、脱水特性及产量性状，‘鑫鑫1号’、‘绥玉10号’最适密度为6．0万珠／hm2，‘绿单2号’、‘德美亚3号’、‘吉单27’最适密度为7．5万株／hm2；‘嫩单11’对密度处理不敏感。

Effects of Planting Density on Kernel Filling and Dehydration Characteristics for Maize Hybrids

The object of this study is to research the effect of planting density on kernels filling rate, dehydration rate, yield of maize hybrids, explore the correlation between kernels moisture content of physiological maturity and grain kernels rate or dehydration rate, then establish close planting mode of maize yield and high quality. This experiment was conducted in split-plot design, planting density and maize varieties. Planting density （60000, 75000, 90000, 105000 plant/hm2） were four levels. ＇Lvdan 2＇, ＇Suiyu 10＇, ＇ Xinxin 1＇, ＇ Demeiya 3＇, ＇ Jidan 27＇, ＇ Nendan 11＇ were determined for kernels filling rate, dehydration rate, kernels moisture content, yield and yield related character in different periods. The results showed that ＇Lvdan 2＇ 90000 plant/hm2, ＇Dmeiya 3＇ 105000 plant/hm2 stop grouting after pollination 55 days. Other maize varieties were not obvious between 56-60 days and 61-65 days after pollination. ＇Lvdan 2＇ 75000 plant/hm2 kernel moisture content was lower than other planting density treatments （P〈0.05）;＇Demeiya 3＇ 75000 plant/hm2 kernel dehydration rate performance unimodal curve trend, kernel dehydration rate reached peak after pollination 51-55 days. The yield of 105000 plant/hm2 of 6 maize hybrids was respectively lower than other treatments. Consideration kernels filling rate, dehydration rate and yield, ＇ Xinxin 1＇, ＇Suiyu 10＇ 60000 plant/hm2, ＇Lvdan 2＇, ＇Demeiya 3＇, ＇Jidan 27＇ 75000 plant/hm2 were the best planting density; ＇ Neidan 11 ＇ was not sensitive to planting density.