CO2浓度升高对春小麦灌浆特性及产量的影响

为给在大气CO2浓度升高条件下春小麦高产栽培提供理论依据,利用农田开放式空气CO2浓度增高（Free Air CO2Enrichment,FACE）研究平台,以春小麦‘定西24号’为供试品种,研究了大气CO2浓度升高对春小麦灌浆特性及产量的影响。结果表明,随着CO2浓度的增加,春小麦干物质积累增加,最大积累速率出现的时间推迟,最大积累速率增大。随着CO2浓度的增加,千粒重增加,最大灌浆速率出现的日期推迟,最大灌浆速率升高;在不同CO2浓度条件下,灌浆速率与粒重呈显著正相关,但灌浆持续期天数与粒重关系不大。从灌浆的3个阶段来看,渐增期持续时间和渐增期灌浆速率对千粒重的影响作用更大;CO2处理小麦的籽粒产量分别比对照提高了15.62%、29.42%和36.98%,平均增产27.34%,均达极显著水平。本试验中CO2处理使春小麦显著增产主要是由于每穗粒数显著增加的缘故。

Effects of Air CO2 Enrichment on Grain Filling Characteristics and Yield of Spring Wheat

In order to provide a theoretical basis for spring wheat high-yield cultivation under enriched CO2 condition,a free-air CO2 enrichment（FACE） experiment with spring wheat variety Dingxi 24 was carried out in 2010 in Dingxi of Gansu province,and then grain filling characteristics and yield formation of spring wheat under different CO2 concentration were analyzed. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation and 1000-grain weight increased significantly,the dates corresponding to maximal dry matter accumulation rate and grain filling rate were delayed,maximal dry matter accumulation rate and grain filling rate increased with the increase of CO2 concentration. Under different CO2 concentrations,the correlation coefficient between grain weight and grain filling rate was significant at 0.01 levels,but the correlation coefficient between grain weight and grain filling duration was not significant,which mean that improving grain filling rate was more effective than extension of grain filling duration time to increase grain weight. For the three stage of grain filling,duration and filing rate of slow-increase period had more positive impact on the 1000-grain weight. The grain yield of spring wheat were increased by 15.62%,29.42% and 36.98% than CK（370 μmol/mol） in three high