不同种植模式对河北低平原区域地下水平衡和水分经济利用效率等的影响

河北低平原区是全世界地下水超采的主要地区，同时又是中国主要的粮食主产区。不同的种植模式对水资源利用和粮食安全生产起着非常重要的作用。为了探清河北低平原区不同种植模式对区域地下水平衡及水分经济利用效率等方面的影响，以河北低平原区沧州市为研究区域，通过利用实验结果及统计数据，对该区主要存在的一年两作、一年一作和两年三作的12种不同种植模式下的耗水、产量及对地下水的影响等进行了分析。结果表明：冬小麦—夏玉米一年两作的传统种植模式2年的产量最高(30000 kg/hm²)，需水量也最大，达到1683 mm，但效益和水分利用经济效益最低2.61元/(mm·hm²)]，并且对地下水的影响最大；棉花—冬小麦—夏玉米的两年三作模式经济效益和水分利用经济效率最高，分别为15750元/hm²和12.2元/(mm·hm²)；一年一作的种植模式对地下水的影响最小。因此，从该区域农业水资源可持续发展和粮食安全角度考虑，应该发展棉花—冬小麦—夏玉米的两年三作种植模式。

Effects of Different Cropping Pattern on Ground Water and Economic Water Use Efficiency in the Hebei Low Plain

Hebei low plain is the most overdraft area in the world and it is also one of the main food production regions in China. Different cropping patterns play very important role in water resources use and food safety. In order to investigate the utilization of water resources and food production, 12 kinds of cropping pattern including one crop per year, double crops per year and three crops for every two years were analyzed in Cangzhou City. Field experimental results and the regional historical data analysis were used to evaluate the water consumption, grain yield, water use efficiency and the effects on the groundwater. The results showed that the winter wheat - summer maize double cropping pattern had the highest water consumption (1683 mm), yield (30000 kg/hm2) and lowest economic water use efficiency and benefits 2.61 yuan/(mm·hm2)], which had the greatest impact on ground water balance. The cropping pattern for one crop per year had the least effect on the ground water balance. Comprehensive consideration from the ground water use and benefit, the cropping pattern for cotton - winter wheat- summer maize was the best cropping pattern 12.2 yuan/(mm · hm2)]. Therefore, the optimal cropping pattern in the Cangzhou City was the cotton - winter wheat - summer maize cropping pattern.