东北商品粮基地建设与空间布局研究

东北三省是中国重要的粮食主产区、商品粮供给区和粮食增产潜力区,其粮食产量基本稳定在全国份额的20%。建设东北商品粮基地对于保障中国粮食安全、提高粮食自给率具有重要的战略意义。笔者以粮食生产能力、潜力和商品粮可供给能力作为优化商品粮基地县布局的主要依据,确定了重点建设区域、优势作物培育基地等共计65个县级单元,和以满足人均粮食播种面积为主、区域粮食生产为辅的规模经营试验基地县24个。研究表明优化后商品粮基地县每年可提供的商品粮量占东北三省商品粮总供给量的90.7%,能够有效增强区域粮食自给能力和商品粮供给能力。最后,从财政投入、粮食仓储与流通、改造中低产田、完善种粮保障和激励机制等方面对建设东北商品粮基地县提出了相关对策建议,研究结果为东北商品粮基地县布局开辟了新的路径。

Construction and Spatial Layout of Commercial Grain Bases in Northeast China

Northeast China is the important major grain production area, supplying area of commercial grain, and potential area of grain growth. The volume of grain production of northeast China occupy steadily the 20 percent of that of the whole China. The per capita minimal area of cultivated land is 40 percent of per capita actual area of cultivated land, and the pressure index of cultivated land decreased to 0.38. The above mentioned opinions and data represent the important strategical meaning of the commercial grain bases construction in northeast China for the national grain security and enhancing grain self-sufficiency ratio. According to the criteria of ability, potential of grain production and supplying capacity of commercial grain, this paper establishes 65 counties as important construction area and dominant crop breeding bases. Based on the per capita grain grown area and regional grain production ability, the paper also chooses 24 counties as scale operating experiment bases. Most of the newly added commercial grain bases locate at Heilongjiang province, one of three provinces of northeast China. The optimized 89 commercial grain base counties can supply 7911.13 ×104 tons,which is 90.7 percent of the volume of whole commercial grain supplied by the northeast China. The optimization of commercial grain bases strengthens the ability of grain self-sufficiency and the capacity of commercial grain supplies. Finally, the paper provides some countermeasures for the construction of commercial grain bases in northeast China.